NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES AND
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
What is Non-communicable Diseases?
◦ Is a medical condition or disease that is non-
infectious and non transmissible among people.
◦ It is estimated that 6 out of 10 deaths in the world
are attributed to NCDs-cardiovascular disease
(CVD), diabetes, cancer, and risk factors which
include elevated blood pressure, elevated blood
sugar and overweight.
◦ Main causes of NCDs are: Unhealthy diet, Physical
Inactivity and Tobacco use.
◦ Participating in regular physical activity has been
shown to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease,
stroke, diabetes, hyper tension, colon and breast
cancer and depression.
The leading causes of deaths
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Chronic Lower Respiratory
Disease
4. Stroke
5. Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
◦ Is a group of degenerative that
afflicts the heart and the vessels
◦ It include coronary heart disease
(CHD), stroke, hypertension, or high
blood pressure and heart failure.
Coronary Heart Disease
◦ Are cause by lack of blood
supply to the heart muscle
resulting from a progressive,
degenerative disorder known as
atherosclerosis
◦ Atherosclerosis involves a
build-up and deposition of fat
and fibrous plaques in the inner
ling of the artery wall.
Heart Attack
◦ The death of heart
muscle due to the loss of
blood supply.
◦ A heart attack is also called a
myocardial infarction or an
MI. Myocardial refers to
the myocardium, the heart
muscle. Infarction is tissue
death due to a local lack of
oxygen.
High Blood Pressure or Hypertension
◦ It refers to a chronic, persistent
elevation of blood pressure
◦ Pressure is created when the
heart contracts, pumps blood
into the arteries and blood is
forced against the walls of the
arteries as circulates throughout
the body
Systolic and Diastolic
◦ Blood pressure is measured using two
numbers.
◦ The first number, called systolic blood
pressure, measures the pressure in your
blood vessels when your heart beats.
◦ The second number,
called diastolic blood pressure,
measures the pressure in your blood
vessels when your heart rests between
beats.
Stroke
◦ Is a damage when the part of
the brain is cause by an
interruption of blood supply to
the brain due to either rupture
and leakage.
◦ Two kinds of Stroke
1. Ischemic
2. Hemorrhagic
Heart Failure
◦ A life modifiable condition in
which the heart’s function as pump
to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the
body is inadequate to meet the
body needs.
◦ It can caused by weaken the heart
muscle, stiffening of the heart
muscle, increase in oxygen demand
by the body tissue beyond the
capability of the heart to deliver
adequate oxygen rich blood.
Diabetes
◦ Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the
body either cannot produce insulin or
cannot properly use the insulin it produces.
Insulin is a hormone that controls the
amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
◦ Diabetes leads to high blood sugar levels,
Two types of Diabetes
1. Type 1
2. Type 2
Cancer
◦ Cancer begins in your cells, which are the
building blocks of your body.
◦ Normally, your body forms new cells as
you need them, replacing old cells that die.
Sometimes this process goes wrong.
◦ New cells grow even when you don't need
them, and old cells don't die when they
should.
◦ These extra cells can form a mass called a
tumor.
◦ Two kinds of tumors:
◦ benign
◦ malignant.
Modifiable Risk Factors
◦ Physical inactivity
◦ Cigarette smoking
◦ Hypertension
◦ Overweight
◦ Diabetes
Unmodifiable Risk Factors
◦ Age
◦ Sex
◦ Family history
Physical Inactivity
◦ Is a behavior that can be conceived
as continuum from minimal to
maximal movements with its
corresponding energy expenditure.
◦ Physical inactivity is a term used to
identify people who do not get the
recommended level of regular
physical activity.
