Project Management

Special Presentation
for PEC
Dr Ali Sajid

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project
MANAGEMENT
What is project:
Overview and
Concepts
Dr Ali Sajid, (TI)

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • Never to suffer would
never to have been
blessed.
• Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849)

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • Although the world is
full of suffering,
it is full also of the
overcoming of it.
• Helen Keller (1880 - 1968)

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Nature does nothing
uselessly.
• Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC),

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • So much of what we call
management consists in
making it difficult for
people to work.
• Peter Drucker (1909 - 2005)

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • To do right is wonderful.
To teach others to do right
is even more wonderful –
and much easier.
- Mark Twain

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “Self-pity is our worst enemy &
if we yield to it,
we can never do anything wise
in this world”
- Helen Keller

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “To be prepared is
half the victory.”
 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “Treat people as if they were
what they ought to be,
& you help them to become
what they are
capable of being”

- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Sep. 27, 2010
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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 The quality of a person's life is
in direct proportion to his
commitment to excellence,
regardless of their chosen field
of endeavor.

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
The race is not always to the
swift...
but to those
who keep
on running.
Sep. 27, 2010
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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 In three words,
I can sum up everything
I've learned about life:
It goes on.
- Robert Frost
Sep. 27, 2010
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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Actions…
“Action may not
always bring
happiness,
but there is
no happiness
without Action”

- Benjamin Disraeli
Sep. 27, 2010
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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • If you have your sight, you
are blessed.
• If you have insight, you are
a thousand times blessed.

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Leadership & learning are
indispensable to
each other.
• John F. Kennedy (1917 - 1963)

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Setting an example is
not the main means of
influencing others, it is
the only means.
- Albert Einstein

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • When the Fire begins
within himself,
a man's worth something.
- Robert Browning

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 In times of storm,
the shallowness of the
root structure is
revealed.

Sep. 27, 2010

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Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 New Thinking in project Mgmt

• "We cannot solve our problems with

the same level of thinking that
created them.
• (Albert Einstein)

• "The true voyage of discovery

lies not in seeking new
landscapes,
but in having new eyes."

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Credit on Work in Project Mgt 
• "The world is divided into
people who do things, &
people who get the credit.
• Try, if you can, to belong to
the first class.
There's far less competition."
• (Dwight Morrow, 1935.)

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Value of Positive Words in PM

• "Fantastic things happen

to the way we feel, to the
way we make other
people feel.
• All this simply by using
Positive Words."
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Projects in Stone Ages
Construction of Alexandria Light House, Ajnata Caves (India) Pyramids, Taj Mahal,
Shalamar Garden, Mosques and Forts Great projects But………
Beginning of Modern project Management
U S Navy's Polaris Program, NASA's Apollo, Space shuttle & SDI ("star wars") programs  - 
specially developed management approaches to extraordinarily complex projects. 
“ A Project Is A Problem Scheduled For Solution.” J M Juran
Problem -gap b/w where u R & where u want to be, with an 
obstacle that prevents easy movement to close the gap.

“A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create

a unique product or service:”

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
“Unique processes, consisting of a set of
coordinated & controlled activities with start
& finish dates, undertaken to achieve an
objective conforming to specific requirements,
including the constraints of time, cost and
resources”. (ISO 10006 Standard).
• A group of activities -to be undertaken with 
limited resources to yield specific objectives  in a 
specific time  in a specific locality.
• Creation of Business Value – Important

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Attributes of a Project

• One Goal:have a single goal as compared to a program
• Has a customer
• Specified Time : Completion date 
• Within Budget: Resource  limits  (people,  money, 
machines)
• According to Specs: Customer expects a certain level of 
Functionality & Quality  (Self-imposed or Customer-
specified, & Fixed).

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Characteristics of Project
Projects are Temporary

Definite beginning & a definite end.

– When objectives achieved, or When Objectives cannot be met –so
terminated. Not short in duration- many last for ys.
Duration - finite:
projects are not ongoing efforts.

Interdependencies
Interact with Organization other proj simultaneously within SOPs
Uniqueness Project -never happened before & will never happen again 
under same conditions. Some elements are unique. 
No two are precisely alike. 
Some degree of customization is a characteristic of proj. 

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • Progressive Elaboration.
• Developing in steps & continuing by 
increments.
• Project Scope broadly defined in early stages 
• More Explicit as Project team develops a 
better understanding of 
• Objective & Deliverables.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Life Is A project

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Your projects Cannot Afford to Fail
• 66% of all IT projects fail, 
come in over budget or run 
past the original deadline
Succeed
Fail • Every year, $55 billion is 
34% 15% wasted on failed IT 
projects in the U.S.
Over time
• Business Impacts:
or over – Reduced profitability
budget – Inability to fund new 
51%
projects
– Poor customer satisfaction

Source: Chaos Chronicles

2003, The Standish Group
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Stake-holders

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Stake-Holders
• Individuals & Org - actively involved in proj
Whose interest may be affected as a result of project execution
Project Mgr Responsible for project 
• Customer/end users
• Performing Organization- whose employees are involved
• project Mgmt Team - Performing task of project
• project team members -directly involved
• Sponsor-_who finance 
• Influencer 
• PMO- exists in performing Organization Internal & External, Investor,seller or 
contractor, Govt Agencies, media people, society at Large.
• Project Manager: Must manage stake Holders expectations.
• May hv ve or negative influence on project
• Internal /External, Owners sellers, Govt Lobbyist,contractors, govt, society

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Relevant Stake-holders

OWNERS & SPONSORS

SUPPLIERS CUSTOMERS
THE PROJECT

SOCIETY REGULATORS
EMPLOYEES

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project & Strategic Planning

• PMGT- Utilized as a mean of achieving Org Strategic
Plan.
•  Either by own person or thru outsider
• A market Demand ( oil company auth a building a oil  
refinery 4 acute shortage of K 2 oil) 
• Customer Request ( power company auth new power 
plant)
• Technological Demand ( New video game .new Cell)
• Legal requirement ( Toxic Waste Disposal Center)

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Classification of Project Types

Classified as Social Sector & infrastructure. 
Transportation Highways, mass transit, airports
Utilities Electric power, gas, telephones
Education Schools, colleges, HEC Funded 
Public Safety Police, fire, National guard
Recreation Parks, playgrounds, historic sites
Development Harbors, dams, irrigation, 
Research Health, space, agriculture
Defense Military equipment and systems
Conservation Forests, shorelines, pollution
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Environment

• Proj Planned & implemented in a Social, Economic & 
Environmental Context.

• 1. Cultural & Social Environment  (how project affect people & 

how they affect project, require understanding of economic, 
demographic, ethical, ethnic, religious issues  )

• 2. International & Political Environment ( knowledge of applicable 

international, national, regional or local laws & Customs other factors 
like Time zone difference, national holidays, travel means & logistic  
requirements etc
• 3. Physical Environment. Knowledge -Local ecology & physical 
geography that could affect project or be affected by proj.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 The Project Environment

Government The Organization Suppliers

Organization Goals

Top Management Boss

project Manager
project Staff Colleagues

Managers Controlling
Internal Resources

Internal Users
External Users Sub Contractors

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Sub Projects

• Frequently divided into more manageable

components or sub Proj although individual/ sub 
projects can be referred to as projects & managed as 
such.
•  Sub contracted or out sourced.

• Sub proj according to HR needs like Plumbing in
Construction 
• Based on Project Process- One Phase of PLC
• Based on Specialized Technology Auto mated
Testing of computer program
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 The Triple Constraint of project
Management

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Triple Constraints

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Managing Triple Constraint
.

Delivery
(Performance)

Client
Agreement
Time Cost
(Schedule) (Budget)

Manage the Triple

Constraint

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Scope Triangle
• The Scope Triangle: Time, Cost, Resources

Cost Time
Scope
and
Quality

Resources
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Relationship of project Objectives

• Cost = f(P,S, T)
• Where P is Performance , S is Scope & T
-time
• As P & S increase, Cost generally
increases…but not linearly
• projects fail when:
• A) Estimates are faulty; 
 B) Time, Talent & Resources - insufficient or 
incorrectly applied
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Operations & Projects

• Common characteristics:
– Performed by people.
– Constrained by limited resources.
– Planned, executed, and controlled.
•  Operations may include activities such as:
– Financial mgt & control
– Continuous manufacture
– Product distribution
Distinguish b/w projects & operations:
Operations ongoing & repetitive
projects - temporary & unique, performed by teams:
-Clearly defined team & individual roles
-Open & effective communications
-Visible rewards for good performance, pressure to improve Poor performance
• projects may include activities such as:
– Developing a new product or service.
– Effecting a change in structure, staffing, or style of an Organization.
– Developing or acquiring a new or modified info system.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Type
How you categorizing projects

project End Requirements

Well Defined Poorly

Defined
project
Methods Well defined Type I Type III

Type II Type IV
Poorly defined

A classification of project types

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Types
Type I Projects- Large Engineering Projects
Well Defined project Method, Well defined End project Requirements
Type II Projects- Product Development projects, Early Space Proj 
(Poorly Defined Method, Well defined proj End requirement)
Type III Projects - SW Development proj (shape of end product 
proceeds)
Well defined proj method, Poorly Defined Proj End Reqts)
Type IV Projects- Org Development proj, Vision definition
(Poorly Defined Proj Method , Poorly Defined proj End Reqts)

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Types

• Example of TYPE – One Projects

Construction of a Large Building
– Fast Tracking (overlapping of work) to balance Time &
Money, &  Resource Balancing b/w Several projects 
Possible.

R & D of Over-the-Counter Pharmaceutical Products

• Such Development follows well defined objectives, form mkt 
research
• Characteristics
• A) Companies operating in core markets segments 
• B) A large pool of Technical Expertise 
• C) Well defined new product development techniques

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Types

• Example of TYPE II projects

• Product development
– New products & services, a single item for single client, or mass 
production of product for the wider community 
– (similar to TYPE I projects)
• Example of TYPE III projects
– Software development
• start -poorly defined end requirements
• Risk management -is of critical importance
• In terms of commercial interests, user wish-lists, technical 
capabilities, time & costs
• New technologies adds another complication
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Types

• Example of TYPE IV projects

– Development of research facility
• Stresses on mgt can be intense
• Mgt- strong enough to stop creative process where it is perceived not to be going in 
right direction
• require, very much, more of team approach, with communication being very 
important
• PM -be able to see the big picture 
• (helicopter view)
• Example of TYPE IV Proj
– Visions statements for Organization- notoriously vague & include such 
statements as: 
– “to be world class performer”
–  or “to be leader in a particular field
– “to be recognized by our customers as such”.  
– sound nice but how do you get there?

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Types

• Example of TYPE IV projects

– Organization have there own cultures
– In determining a project method, a method that worked in one 
Organization may not work in another
– When dealing with people & change there is an inevitable
resistance
– Successful practices elsewhere have to be studied & adapted to 
suit a particular Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Some Humor!!!!!

• Enthusiasm
• Disillusionment
• Panic
• Search for the guilty
• Punishing the innocent
• Praising those not involved

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Initiation
Identify Needs

Establish Objectives & Constraints

Establish Scope
Undertake Studies Appoint project
Mgr
Generate Alternatives

Approximate Estimating Identify Stakeholders

Establish Feasibility

Obtain Approvals Not Proceed -

End of project

Sep. 27, 2010 Proceed

Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 What is project Management?

• Application of knowledge, skills, tools, & techniques to

project activities in order to meet or exceed
stakeholder needs & expectations from a project (PMI)

• An Organized venture for managing projects. 

Involves scientific application of modern tools & techniques in 
planning, financing, implementing, monitoring, controlling & 
coordinating unique activities or tasks to produce desirable 
outputs in consonance with pre-determined objectives, within the 
constraints of time, cost, quality.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Management Consists Of

Work Products
Roles
Guiding
Who is responsible? Principles
What to deliver?

Processes
Hints & Tips 1

2
Techniques
3

How to produce? How to produce?

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 News Flash

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
• Meeting stakeholder needs & expectations involves
balancing competing demands among:
• Scope, time, cost, & quality.
What project Managers Say
project Management concerns getting the job done:
• On time
• Within Budget
• According to Specifications

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Example of Project Mgmt
project Management can be applied to any project regardless of size, 
budget or timeline.
Some examples are:
Developing a new product or service
Running a political campaign
Sending a Power project in Northern area 
Designing a compensation system
Negotiating a collective agreement
Setting up an e-commerce internet site
Or as in my current project – reorganization of business areas 
involving redesign of business processes, collapsing of roles and 
the introduction of new technology.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
Why do Organization use Project Management?

To sum it up…..

1. Improve results  Value………

2. Decrease costs

3. Improve customer service

4. Time

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 • What is a Program ?
– different from a project. 
Cyclical or repetitive undertaking.
– Larger in Scope & Comprise Multiple Proj. 
A group of related projects managed in a coordinated manner to 
obtain control & benefit not available otherwise
A new car model broken into project 4 upgrade and design of 
components. 
NGOs Fund raising program, maintenance program
News paper weekly publication -project

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
• Portfolio  
• Collection of Proj/Programs 
• Grouped together to Facilitate Effective mgt to meet 
 Strategic Business Objectives. 

• May not necessarily be interdependent /related.

• Purpose : To maximize value of  Portfolio of Candidate Proj & 

programs for inclusion in the portfolio 

• Timely exclusion of project not meeting Portfolio’s Strategic 
objectives. 
• To balance the portfolio among incremental and radical investments 
and for efficient use of resources. 

Senior managers take on responsibility of

Portfolio management for an Org

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Phases

D e fin e t h e p r o b le m a n d d e liv e r a b le s

P la n t h e p r o je c t

E x e c u t e t h e p la n

M o n it o r a n d c o n t r o l p r o g r e s s

I m p le m e n t / C lo s e p r o je c t
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Mgt by Technical Function

Project Manager

Project Support Quality Control

Manager

Technology Architect Functional Architect Systems Architect Programming Leader

Business Analysts Systems Analysts Programmers

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Life Cycle
Defined Sequence of events - constitute a project
• Divide project into Phases 
– “for better control”
– with appropriate links.
Collectively, called “PLC”

• Many Organizations identify specific set of LC

for use on project.

Org identify a “Set of LC” for all Proj.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Life Cycle
The defined Sequence of events that constitute a project.

• Conception/selection
• Planning
• Implementation
• Control
• Evaluation
• Termination

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Phases
Project Life Cycles
Term Life Cycle emphasizes time basis of projects
• End result of Proj: Generally something tangible:
Continues after “Proj” is finished
• Proj are “born” when a need ­identified by the 
Customer.

• PLC vary in length, ­ few weeks to several years.

• Not all proj formally go through all four phases of 
PLC

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Phases of the Project Life Cycle
First Phase: Identification of a need, Problem, or opportunity. 

Need & requirements usually written by customer into a 
document ( RFP). 
Second Phase: Development of a Proposed Solution to 
need/problem.

Results in submission of a Proposal.

The customer & winning contractor negotiate & sign a 
contract (agreement).

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid 11
 Phases - Project Life Cycle
• Third Phase- Performing the Project.
– Different types of resources utilized
– Results in accomplishment of Project Obj
• Final Phase- Terminating the Project.
– Perform close-out activities
– Evaluate performance
– Invite customer feedback

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid 13
 Generic Cost & Staffing Life Cycle

Cost and I n t e r m e d ia te P h a s e s
S ta ffin g (o n e o r m o re )
Level
I n itia l F in a l
P hase P hase

S ta r t F in is h
T im e
• Concept 5%
• Development 20%
• Implement 60%
• Close Out 15%
Typical Project Cost & Staffing Level Across
Project Life Cycle
Stakeholders’ Influence Over Time
 Project Life Cycle – Example Phases

Concept &
Proposal

Development

Implementation

Verification

Termination

Initial Phase Intermediate Phases Final Phase

 Characteristics of Proj Phases

• Delible: Measurable, Verifiable Work product. 

• Proj Phs. Completion & Approval of Deliverables 

• Dlivble & Phs- Part of  sequential process designed to ensure Proper Con of 
Proj-  

• Sub phases. (SP) Due to lvl of Risk, Size, Complexity,CF

• For Monitoring & Control. SP Aligned with delvrbles

• SP deliverables related to Primary Phs deliverable.Majority

• X-Phases names from these phase deliverables: Reqts, design, build. Startup 
turnover etc etc.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Characteristics of Proj Phs
• Phs Concluded with a review 
-Work accomplished
-Deliverables to determine acceptance.
Mgt Review to start New Ph w/o closing Current Phs.
• Reqts for Module
– Info gathered/analyzed 
– b4 designed & constructed. 
• Phase closure w/o decision for next. 
• Formal phs completion - not auth 4 next. 
• Each phs formally initiated to produce a phase-dependent output.
• Phase-End Review (PER) may auth close & to initiate next. 
• Phase-end Reviews called
•Sep.“Phase
27, 2010
Exits, Project
PhsManagement
Gates,Concepts
or Kill Points”.
& Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
Typical Sequence of Phases in a Project Life Cycle
Product Vs Project Life Cycles
 The Project Management Process

• Clearly define - Project Objective.

• Divide / subdivide Project.

• Define Specific Activities -Needed to be performed.

• Graphically portray Activities in a Network Diagram.

• Make a Time Estimate.

• Make a Cost Estimate.

• Calculate a Project Schedule/ Budget.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid 16
 What are the Major Roles on a Project?
Functional Manager

Sponsor – The internal 
project Manager – individuals 
Organizationa owner of the 
Functional Manager – Managers 
Teamwith the authority and 
Members – staff who use 
project.  Responsible for 
responsible for activities and 
Stakeholders – Parties involved 
their skills to contribute to the 
responsibility for delivering the 
Project Manager establishing the project’s priority 
resources in a specialized 
in or being affected by the project  Sponsor
project’s deliverables.  Can report 
documented project requirements 
within their 
department or function.
activities.
either directly or indirectly to the 
– on time and within budget.
Organizationanization.  Has 
project Manager. 
overall responsibility for its 
success.
project Participants

Team Members Stakeholders

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Tip-of-the-Iceberg Syndrome for Project               
         Implementations.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Portfolios /Portfolio Management

Collection of project or Program, Other Work, Grouped Together

to Facilitate Effective Mgt of Work to Meet 
“Strategic Business Objectives”. 

Project/Program may not be

Interdependent/ Directly Related.

• List Candidate project/Program for Portfolio

• Timely exclusion of project not meeting Portfolio’s
“Strategic Objectives”.
• Responsibility of Portfolio Mgt =
Senior Management

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Product Vs. Project Mgt
• Proj Manager focuses - End date of his Proj
• Product Manager not willing to admit -
Production line will ever end.
• Prod Mgr wants product to be long-lived &
profitable .
• Even with less demand for product Prod
Manager looks to keep Product alive.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Initiation
Identify Needs

Establish Objectives & Constraints

Establish Scope
Undertake Studies Appoint project
Mgr
Generate Alternatives

Approximate Estimating Identify Stakeholders

Establish Feasibility

Obtain Approvals Not Proceed -

End of project

Sep. 27, 2010 Proceed

Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Functional Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Projectized Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Weak Matrix Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Balanced Matrix Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Strong Matrix Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Composite Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Organization. Structure Influences on projects

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Who is a Project Manager?

Project Management is a skill as much as it is a

profession – the “Accidental Profession”.
 Project Manager - responsible for managing  
proj within constraints of 
Scope, Quality, Time & Cost 
To deliver specified requirement & meet or 
exceed Customer Satisfaction.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 The Successful Project Manager

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project Organization

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
• Functional Mgr Vs. Project Manager
– PM vs functional Mgr (FM, marketing, engineering, or 
finance)
– FM -administratively responsible for deciding:
• How Something  done, 
• Who will do it, 
• What Resource to accomplish Task.
– PM general starts career as a specialist 
– knows about Promotion as PM
– PM, to oversee many functional areas. 

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Functional Mgt Organization chart: marketing dept of 
an insurance company.

Vice-President
Marketing

Agency Marketing Marketing Group

Sales
director research service admin.

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Project management. Organization showing typical
responsibilities of a project Manager

project
Manager

Finance Engineering Contracts Planning

Manufacturing Procurement Quality

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Qualities of Project Manager

– Can Work with large no. of groups & understands their demands & concerns
– “Control & Evaluate project Performance”
– Build Spirit of Cooperation
– Relate, compare, classify, & evaluate facts
– Distinguish Essential vs Non-essential

To complete a task, a Project Manager must:

Set objectives, 
Establish plans
• Organization resources, 
• Provide staffing
• Set up controls, 
• Issue directives
• Motivate personnel, 
• Remain flexible

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Selecting Project Manager

Selection of PM ­most important decisions.
  Most  popular  attributes,  skills,  &  qualities  for  Project 
Manager
• Strong technical background 
• Hard­nosed manager
• Mature individual understand culture 
• Good terms with senior executives
• Can keep project team happy
• One who has worked in several different departments
• Person who can walk on (or part) waters

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Characteristics for Project Manager
• Flexibility & Adaptability
• Significant initiative & Leadership
• Aggressiveness, confidence, persuasiveness, verbal fluency
• Ambition, activity, forcefulness
• Effectiveness as a communicator & integrator
• Broad scope of personal interests
• Poise, enthusiasm, imagination
• Balance technological solutions with:
–  Time, Cost, & H- factors
• Balance in “Use of Time”
• Well Organization & disciplined
• Generalist not a specialist
• Devote most of his time-”Planning & Controlling”
• Identify Problems
• Willing to make decisions

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
• Personal attributes- either attract or deter hi desirable individuals. 
• Project Manager Must like trouble.
• Capable of evaluating risk & uncertainty. 
• Basic characteristics:
–  Honesty & integrity
– Personnel problems
– Know project technology
– Business Mgt Competence
• Mgt principles
• Communication
– Alertness Quickness
– Versatility
– Energy, Toughness
– Decision-Making Ability

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Q&A
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
"The step-by-step process itself is
easy to understand.
But process alone is not at issue. ...
Managing any kind of change has
far-reaching implications.
It requires inspired, in-touch
leadership."

Peg Fisher

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 If things seem
under control,
you’re just not
going
“fast enough.”  
—Mario Andretti
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “Create a
‘cause,’
not a
‘business.’ ”
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “The two most
powerful things in
existence:
a kind word and a
thoughtful
gesture.”
Ken Langone, CEO, Invemed Associates [from
 Ronna Lichtenberg, It’s Not Business, It’s Personal]
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “Leadership is the
PROCESS of
ENGAGING PEOPLE
in CREATING a
LEGACY of
EXCELLENCE.” 
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “Attitude Produces 
Character, 
& Character 
Produces Hope.” • - Mark Brunett
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 "One of the tests of
leadership is the ability to
recognize a
problem before it becomes
an emergency."
• - John Glassgow

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 “Leadership is
an action,
not a
position.”
• - Donald H. McGannon
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 "The difference between
a boss and a leader:
a boss says, 'Go!'
- a leader says,
- 'Let's go!'"
• - E.M. Kelly, Growing Disciples, 1995

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 "The final test of a
leader is that he
leaves behind
him in other men
the “Conviction”
and the will
to carry on."
• - Walter Lippmann
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
  “Our
aspirations
are our Possibilities”
- Robert Browning

Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid
 Nearly all men
can stand adversity,
but if you want to
test a man's Character,
give him Power."
- Abraham Lincoln
Sep. 27, 2010 Project Management Concepts & Application by Prof. Dr. Ali Sajid