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The Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development

Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that children progress through four distinct stages of cognitive development. According to Piaget, children construct an understanding of the world through experiences and interactions with objects and people. The four stages are: (1) sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2 where infants learn through senses and actions; (2) preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 where symbolic thought and language emerge but reasoning is egocentric; (3) concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11 where logical and organized thought develops about concrete events; and (4) formal operational stage from age 12 onward where abstract and hypothetical thinking emerges.

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1K views

The Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development

Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that children progress through four distinct stages of cognitive development. According to Piaget, children construct an understanding of the world through experiences and interactions with objects and people. The four stages are: (1) sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2 where infants learn through senses and actions; (2) preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 where symbolic thought and language emerge but reasoning is egocentric; (3) concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11 where logical and organized thought develops about concrete events; and (4) formal operational stage from age 12 onward where abstract and hypothetical thinking emerges.

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THE PIAGET THEORY OF

COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive theory is an approach to psychology
that attempts to explain human behavior by
understanding your thought processes. For
example, a therapist is using principles
of cognitive theory when she teaches you to how
to identify your maladaptive thought patterns and
transform them into constructive ones.
Jean Piajet

August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist


known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of
cognitive development and epistemological view are together
called "genetic epistemology".
Piaget believed that all children progress through four stages and
they do so in the same order. Bukatku, D & Daehler, W. (1995)
During each stage of cognitive development there is unique level
of analysis, internal organization and the understanding of the
environmental information and events.Piaget`s theory shows
clearly that the child`s understanding is only dependent on the
stage that he/she has reached and teachers ought to take this
into account as they teach learners at different levels of
intellectual development .Bukatku, D & Daehler, W.( 1995).
Piaget believed that children take an active role in the learning
process, acting much like little scientists as they perform
experiments, make observations, and learn about the world. As
kids interact with the world around them, they continually add new
knowledge, build upon existing knowledge, and adapt previously
held ideas to accommodate new information.
The Sensorimotor Stage

• Ages: Birth to 2 Years


• Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:
• The infant knows the world through their movements and sensations
• Children learn about the world through basic actions such as sucking,
grasping, looking, and listening
• Infants learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen
(object permanence)
• They are separate beings from the people and objects around them
• They realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world
around them
The Preoperational Stage

• Ages: 2 to 7 Years
• Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:
• Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and
pictures to represent objects.
• Children at this stage tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things
from the perspective of others.
• While they are getting better with language and thinking, they still
tend to think about things in very concrete terms.
The Concrete Operational Stage

• Ages: 7 to 11 Years
• Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes
• During this stage, children begin to thinking logically about concrete events
• They begin to understand the concept of conservation; that the amount of
liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass, for example
• Their thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete
• Children begin using inductive logic, or reasoning from specific information
to a general principle
The Formal Operational Stage

• Ages: 12 and Up
• Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:
• At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly
and reason about hypothetical problems
• Abstract thought emerges
• Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social,
and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning
• Begin to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to
specific information
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