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Chapter 11 Introduction To Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

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101 views11 pages

Chapter 11 Introduction To Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

sd

Uploaded by

Leila Agtarap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 11 Introduction to

Organic Chemistry: Alkanes


11.1
Organic Compounds

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
Organic Compounds
An organic compound
 is a compound made from carbon atoms
 has one or more C atoms
 has many H atoms
 may also contain O, S, N, P, and halogens

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2
Properties of Organic Compounds
Typical organic compounds
 contain carbon
 have covalent bonds
 have low melting points
 have low boiling points
 are flammable
 are soluble in nonpolar
solvents
 are not soluble in water Oil (organic) and
water (inorganic)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 3


Organic versus Inorganic
Compounds
 Propane, C3H8, is an
organic compound used
as a fuel.
 NaCl, salt, is an inorganic
compound composed of
Na+ and Cl– ions.

Question: Why is propane


an organic compound, but
NaCl is not?

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 4


Comparing Properties of Organic
and Inorganic Compounds

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 5


Learning Check
Identify each of the following characteristics as most
typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic.
___ 1. has a high melting point
___ 2. is not soluble in water
___ 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
___ 4. has a formula MgCl2
___ 5. burns easily in air
___ 6. has covalent bonds

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 6
Solution

Identify each of the following characteristic as most


typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic.
I 1. has a high melting point
O 2. is not soluble in water
O 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3
I 4. has a formula MgCl2
O 5. burns easily in air
O 6. has covalent bonds

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 7
Writing Formulas for Carbon
Compounds
In carbon compounds,
 carbon has 4 valence electrons, and hydrogen has 1
•
•C• H•
•
 to achieve an octet, C forms four bonds
H H

HCH H C H


H H CH4 (methane)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 8
Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon
VSEPR theory predicts
that a carbon atom with
four single, covalent
bonds is tetrahedral as
shown in a
 (a) tetrahedron
 (b) ball-and-stick model
 (c) space-filling model
 (d) expanded structural
formula

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 9


Organic Compounds with More
Carbon Atoms
In organic molecules with more carbon atoms,
 valence electrons are shared
 covalent bonds form between carbon and carbon atoms
 covalent bonds form between carbon and hydrogen
atoms
H H H H
•• ••

HCCH H C C H
•• ••
H H H H CH3─CH3 (methane)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 10
Tetrahedral Structure of Ethane
In VESPR, two carbon
atoms in ethane each has
a tetrahedral shape as
shown in a
 (a) tetrahedron
 (b) ball-and-stick model
 (c) space-filling model
 (d) expanded structural
formula

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 11

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