SATELLITE RADIO

A SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by

PIYUSH JAGTAP

Guided by

Prof. Mrs. A. P. AHIR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY OF SATELLITE RADIO
 BASIC COMPONENT OF SATELLITE RADIO
1)SATELLITES
2)GROUND REPEATER
3)RADIO RECEIVERS
 TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
 ADVANTAGES OVER ANALOG RADIO
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

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 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS SATELLITE RADIO ?

Satellite Radio or Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS) is

a subscriber based radio service that is broadcast directly from
satellites. Subscribers will be able to receive up to 100 radio
channels featuring Compact Disk digital quality music, news,
weather, sports. talk radio and other entertainment channels.

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 INTRODUCTION…..

Rather than receiving a signal from a tower antenna of a

local radio station, these new radios will receive signals
from a set of satellites in geosynchronous orbit.
Programming will be uplinked from ground stations to
the satellites and then broadcast back to large
geographic areas.

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THE SATELLITE STATION

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 HISTORY
 Satellite radio is an Idea nearly 10 years in the making.

 In 1992, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission

(FCC) allocated a spectrum in the "S" band (2.3 GHz) for
nationwide broadcasting of satellite-based Digital Audio
Radio Service (DARS).

 In 1997. the FCC awarded 8-year radio broadcast licenses to

two companies:
 Sirius Satellite Radio

 XM Satellite Radio

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 BASIC COMPONENTS
 SATELLITE

 GROUND REPEATERS

 RADIO RECEIVERS

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 SATELLITE
 At this time, there are three space-based radio
broadcasters in various stages of development:

 XM SATELLITE RADIO
 SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO
 WORLD SPACE

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 XM SATELLITE RADIO
 XM Satellite Radio launched commercial service in
limited areas of the United States on September 25, 2001.

 XM Radio uses two Boeing HS 702 satellites,

appropriately dubbed "Rock" and "Roll," placed in parallel
geostationary orbit, one at 85 degrees west longitude and
the other at 115 degrees west longitude.

 XM Radio's ground station transmits a signal to its two

GEO satellites. Which bounce the signals back down to
radio receivers on the ground. and the downlink will be in
the 2.33-2.34 GHz frequency range.

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 SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO
 Sirius Satellite Radio is operational in the United States, with its
official launch on July 1st , 2002.

 Sirius use its three SS/L-1300 satellites form an inclined elliptical

satellite constellation.

 The Sirius system is similar to that of XM. Programs are beamed

to one of the three Sirius satellites, which then transmit the signal
to the ground where the radio receiver picks up one of the
channels with in the signal.

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 WORLDSPACE
 WorldSpace has been the leader in the satellite radio industry.
 It put two or its three satellites, AfriStar and AsiaStar, in
geostationary orbit before either of the other two companies
launched one.
 Each satellite transmits three signal beams carrying more than
40 channels of programming, to three overlapping coverage
areas or about 5.4 million square miles (14 million square km)
each.
 WorldSpace says it has a potential audience of about 4.6 billion
listeners spanning five continents.

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Broadcasting Area of Worldspace

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World space integrated solution 13
 GROUND REPEATERS
 Satellite radio reception, poses threats from weather, tall
building and mountains that can potentially interfere with
broadcasts.

 To avoid the interference caused by tall structures, both Sirius

and XM Radio are supplementing their satellite coverage with
terrestrial transmitters, called ground repeaters.

 A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and

retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the
other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer
distances.

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 TRANSMISSION & RECEPTION
 Digital radio works by combining two digital technologies to
produce an efficient and reliable radio broadcast system:
 MPEG(Motion Pictures Experts Group)
 COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)

 Instead of having a different frequency for each radio station,

digital radio combines several services together in what is called
a multiplex. The multiplex has a gross capacity of 2,300,000 bits.

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GENERATION OF DAB SIGNAL

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RECPTION OF DAB SIGNAL

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 FREQUENCY OF OPERATION
 Digital radio is operated in a frequency range of between
215 – 230 MHz (Mega Hertz).

 This part of the radio spectrum is sometimes called Band III,

or VHF, and was previously used for some television
transmissions and by the military.

 The central frequency for the BBC National Multiplex is

225.648MHz.

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 ADVANTAGES OVER ANALOG RADIO
 No more physical constraints – because the radio program is
broadcast by using a satellite you no longer need to change radio
stations whenever you leave a certain coverage area.
 commercial free programs, great quality of sound and vast
geographical availability.
 The XM satellites have been allocated 12.5 MHz of frequency
spectrum-over sixty times the bandwidth of a single FM radio
station.
 In FM radio, the modulation signal is limited to frequencies
below 15.000 Hz, whereas the satellite radio audio signal is able
to extend to above 20,000 Hz.

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 Digital radio eliminates the noise that creeps into analog radio
transmission and reception.
 Another great advantage of Satellite radio, available through
Sirius, is the ability to rewind and then play back radio
programming.

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 APPLICATIONS
 Cyclone warning system for fisherman at sea. 
 Audio broadcasting for emergency relief. 
 Satellite weather Information system.
 crystal-clear music programs

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 AUDIO BROADCASTING FOR EMERGENCY RELIEF

Equal Access
India Nepal &China Distance
Reconstruction Indonesia Learning and
and Relief Disaster Relief Radio Dramas

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 FUTURE OF SATELLITE RADIO
SDARS seems to get good market growth because of
the following factors.

 Increasing partnerships of XM and Sirius with Automobile OEM

and distribution outlets made the SDARS more popular.

 Introduction of more convenient hardware smaller and more

portable radios for the automobile as well as the home stereo,
computer and office and personal environments made possible at
the same time.

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 CONT…
 Home and personal use Industry promotional advertising and
awareness campaigns given the SDARS more popular.

 Sirius and XM now also offer subscribers the option of listening

to their programming online.

 Apart from all of this, price drop of hardware making it more

affordable for market purchase.

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 CONCLUSION
 For the listener, digital radio will be more than just 'the best sound
on the airwaves', it will be an intelligent communications device
that will offer more services and conveniences than can be
provided by conventional analog technology.

 For the broadcaster, digital radio is not just a way to stay

competitive with other forms of digital sound, but one that offers
numerous new business opportunities as well.

 It is a bright future for listeners and broadcasters alike: a future

that truly promises to provide 'the best sound on the airwaves' for
the world.

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 REFERENCES
 D. Prabhakaran, “WORLD SPACE- Satellite digital audio broadcast service”.
Electronics For You. Nov 2001, Volume 33, No:11.
  Kunitsyn V E, Tereshchenko E D IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 34 (5) 22
(1992)
 Frenzel , Louis E. “Satellite Radio Gets Serious.” Electronic Design , Article
#5603 (August 2003): 1 3. Frenzel, Design, 1-
 http://www.worldspace.com
 http://www.tmfassociates.com/MobileBroadcast

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