Recall the following…

Let a ≠ 0 , r and s be rational numbers, then :

𝒂𝒓 =
a0 = 1 a r–s
𝒂𝒔
𝟏
a-n = 𝒂𝒏
(ab)r = ar br
ar as = a r + s
𝒂 𝒓 𝒂𝒓
=
(ar)s = a (r)(s) 𝒃 𝒃𝒓
Chapter 2, Page 5
Try these:
12
s
1. 3  3 
2 2 7. 4

s
2. 52  54  3 9
8. 
a a 
5 2 5
3. 3
12 8
4. 2s  4s 
2 7 s t
9. 4 4

st
5. (3)  (3) 
2 3
5 8
36a b
10. 
s t s t 
2 4 7 3 4 5
6. 4a b
Try these: 5
s
1. 3 2 5
  7.   
t
2. a 3 4
  9 2
3 
8.  5  
3. 2a 
2 3
 3 
2

4. 2 a b 
5 3 2  st 
8
2
 9.  4  
 rt 
5. (3a )  2 2
5 8 2
 36a b 
10.   
4 5 
6. s t 2 4 3
   4a b 
Try these: 1
2 
2

1. 2a b2 0
 7.   
 x 2
2. y 2  y 4   39 
8.  5  
3. a  5 1
 3 
2
2
4. s  4s  7 s t 
2 2
9.  4 4  
s t 
5. 3x y 2
 3 4
 36a 5 2

10.  4 5  
6. s t  
2 4 0
 4a b 
 Exponential Function
Functions of the form y = ax, in
which the base a is a positive
real number other than 1, and
the exponent is a variable.

f(x) = ax
a > 0 , a ≠ 1 and x is any real
number
Chapter 2, Page 19
Graph the following:
f(x) = 2x f(x) = 4x
Chapter 2, Page 19-20

f(x) = 2-x f(x) = 4-x

Chapter 2, Page 20-21
Properties of Exponential
Function

Chapter 2, Page 22
Exponential Equations and
Inequalities

Chapter 2, Page 23-28

If a r = a,
s then r = s
3 x4
2 8 𝟑𝒙 𝟕
3 x 4
=
2 2 3 𝟑 𝟑

𝟕
3x  4  3 x=
𝟑
3x  4  3
3x  7
Let’s try one more: Check:  3
  1
1
 2
4 
4 
x
8
8 1 1
2 
2 x
2 3
42
3

8
3
2 2
2x
1 1

2x  3 2
4 8
3

3
x 1 1

2 8 8
1. 32x = 81
2. x
2 =8 3

3. 92x-1 = 36x
4. 42n-1 = 64
5. (½)x = 42 – x
6. 3y + 2 = 1/27
Solve: 3 2x 5
3x 3

Solve: 4x = 1024
Solve: 117 = 5 x –8

 27
2x  3 x1
Solve: 3
1
Solve: 16 x 1
 32
 Exponential Inequality
A mathematical statement that relates
an exponential expression as either
less than or greater than another.

f(x) < 0 or f(x) ≤ 0 f(x) > 0 or f(x) ≥ 0

Negative signs are Positive signs are

the solutions the solutions
Solve 2 𝑥+1 > 32

Write the inequality

STEP 1:
in standard form.

2𝑥+1 − 32 > 0
Solve 2 𝑥+1 > 32

Find the zeros (critical

STEP 2:
numbers) of f(x)
𝑥+1
2 − 32 = 0
2𝑥+1 = 32
2𝑥+1 = 25
𝑥+1=5
x= 4
Solve 2 𝑥+1 > 32
Plot the critical numbers in
the number line to separate
STEP 3: it into two intervals

(-∞,4) and (4, + ∞)

Solve 2 𝑥+1 > 32
Choose a test value in each
interval in step 3
STEP 4:
X< 4 X>4

Test value x

F(x)

Sign of f(x)
Solve 2 𝑥+1 > 32
Use the table to determine
which intervals satisfy the
STEP 5: inequality.
Try:
𝑥−1
32 <4
Solve each inequality.

1. 32𝑥−4 <9
2. 23𝑥+8 ≥8
𝑥−4
3. 5 ≥ 625
 Exponential Growth

Suppose we start with a single bacterium,

which divides every hour. After one hour
we have 2 bacteria, after two hours we
have 22 𝑜𝑟 4 bacteria, after three hours we
have 23 or 8 bacteria, and so on.
If we start with 10 of these
bacteria, then the population
𝑡
is modeled by f( t) = 10 ● 2 .
Doubling Time Growth Model
𝑡
𝑃 𝑡 = 𝑃0 2𝑑
Where
𝑃 𝑡 = population at time t
𝑃0 = population at time t = 0
𝑑 = 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is
found naturally in the intestines of many
mammals. In a particular laboratory
experiment, the doubling time for E. coli is
found to be 30 minutes. If the experiment
starts with a population of 1,000 E.coli and
there is no change in the doubling time, how
many bacteria will be present: (a. in 15 mins?
B. in 4 hrs?)
The initial population of a town is
3500, and it grows with a double
time of 10 years. What will be the
population in 12 years? In 24
years?
Under ideal conditions a certain
bacteria population doubles every
three hours. Initially there are 1000
bacteria in a colony.
(a) Find a model for the bacteria
population after t hours.
(b) How many bacteria are in the colony
after 15 hours?
If a certain country has a population
of 30,000,000 people and a doubling
time of 19 years and if the growth
continues at the same rate, find the
population in:

a.10 years
b.30 years
The population of a bacteria
culture doubles after 1.5h. An
experiment begins with 620
bacteria. Determine the number
of bacteria after
a. 3hrs. C. 6h
b. 1 day d. 3 days
A bacteria culture starts with 3000
bacteria and grows to a
population of 12000 after 3h.
a. Find the doubling period.
b. Find the population after t
hours.
c. Determine the number of
bacteria after 8h.
Half-life Decay Model
𝑡
1
A 𝑡 = 𝐴0 ( ) ℎ
2

A 𝑡 = amount at time t
𝐴0 = amount at time t = 0
h= ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 − 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒
Radioactive gold 198, used in
imaging the structure of the liver
has a half-life of 2.67 days. If we
start with 50 milligrams of
isotope, how many milligrams will
be left after (a. 3 days? b. 2
weeks)
Vincent discovered a new
radioactive isotope. Its half life is
1.23 years. If Vincent starts with a
sample of 45 grams, how much
will be left
a. after 10 months
b. after 7.6 years
The half-life of caffeine in a child’s
system when a child eats or drinks
something with caffeine in it is
2.5h. How much caffeine would
remain in a child’s body if the child
ate a chocolate bar with 20mg of
caffeine 8h before?
Compound Interest
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
A = 𝑃(1 + )
𝑛
P = principal
A = accumulated value
r = annual interest rate
n = number of times interest is paid or
compounded each year
t= number of years
If Php 10,000 is invested in an
account paying 10%
compounded monthly, how
much will be in the account at
the end of 10 years? Compute
the answer to the nearest cent.
Joshua’s parents invested
Php5,000 in an account when he
was born. The account pays
interest at 6% compounded
quarterly. How much money will
be in the account on Joshua’s 18th
birthday?
Decay Factor /depreciation
y = 𝑎(1 − 𝑟)𝑡

A= initial amount
t-= time
r = percent decrease
Victor gets a truck for Php 170000.
The value of the truck decreases by
4% each year. Find the value of the
truck after 3 years.