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Project Report

BSNL provides a wide range of telecommunication services across India including wireline connections, mobile services, internet, broadband, and voice over IP. It operates various telephone exchanges including C-DOT, OCB, and EWSD digital switches. The exchanges have components like the main distribution frame for connecting cables, a switch room for switching equipment, and a power plant for backup batteries. BSNL also offers broadband internet through technologies like ADSL that provide high-speed data, voice, and video over existing copper telephone lines.

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Dhruv Bhandari
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42 views

Project Report

BSNL provides a wide range of telecommunication services across India including wireline connections, mobile services, internet, broadband, and voice over IP. It operates various telephone exchanges including C-DOT, OCB, and EWSD digital switches. The exchanges have components like the main distribution frame for connecting cables, a switch room for switching equipment, and a power plant for backup batteries. BSNL also offers broadband internet through technologies like ADSL that provide high-speed data, voice, and video over existing copper telephone lines.

Uploaded by

Dhruv Bhandari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT REPORT

on
INTRODUCTION
 STARTED in October 2000, with the vision of
becoming the largest telecom service provider in Asia,
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the world’s seventh
largest telecommunications company. It provides a
comprehensive range of services in India, which
include wireline connections, CDMA (code division
multiple access) mobile, GSM (global system for
mobile communications) lines, Internet, broadband,
MPLS-VPN (multi protocol label switching-virtual
private network), VSAT (very small aperture terminal)
and VoIP (voice over Internet protocol). Within this
short span of time, it has also become one of the
largest public sector companies in India.
EXCHANGE
Equipment which effects
interconnected of
telephones is known as
switching equipment.

The switching centre,


which houses the
terminating and switching
equipment is called
telephone exchange.
About the exchange:-
 1. All telephone subscribers are served by
automatic exchanges.
 2. Today’s automatic exchanges uses a pair of
computers.
 One, running the program that providesservices.
 Second, monitoring the operation of the first,
ready to take over in a few seconds in the event of
equipment failure.
Various exchanges present in BSNLare:
> C-DOT
> OCB
> EWSD
C-DOT:-
1. Work on telecom technology products andservices.
2. Provide solutions for current and future requirements of
telecommunication and converged networks including those
required for rural application.
3. Provide market orientation to R & D activities and sustain C-
DOT as center of excellence.
OCB:-
1. It is a digital switchingsystem.
2. The system supports all the existing signaling system
3. The system has ‘auto recovery’ feature. When a serious fault
occur in control unit, it gives a message to SMM (operation &
maintenance unit).
EWSD:-
The EWSD Digital Switching Systems offer a
wide range of telephony features and
supplementary services. Further capabilities
can be developed to meet specific customer
needs.
EXCHANGE LAYOUT

 Switch Room
Operations and Maintenance (OMC)
Room
 Input Output processor (IOP) Room
 Power Plant Room
 Battery Room
 Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room
 MDF
 Power plant
 Switching Room
MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF ):-

Local cable contact at MDF .


All types of cables out to the door contact
connection at MDF .
The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It
is also known as Fault Remove Section.
The telephone numbers are also disconnected in
the MDF because of some specific reason.
ORGANIZATION OF MDF:-
• Vertical side
• Horizontal side
Vertical side:-
Rack:- On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having
eight tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).
Tags:- Each rack consists of eighttags
1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line
N.E:-The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’.
It is used for testing number
Wedge:- Wedge is used as a devicefor checking the ring.
Wedge is placed in jack strips, which is connected to
telephone for checking.
Horizontal side:-
The horizontal side connected to the
underground cable.
This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is
distributed when we allot the telephone
number to the subscriber.
Horizontal side is again subdivided in
two parts:
>One part is connected with the vertical
side.
>Another with the subscriber line by using
100 pair underground cable.
POWER PLANT
As we know that, the power is the main source or any
organization. It is the case of E-10B exchange. That is the
first requirement of any organization is the input.
The main source of this exchange is AC supply.
The main part of power room are:-

1. Batteries

2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

3. Charging - Discharging Unit

4. Inverter and Converter Unit:


Switch Room:-
Switch room consistsof
BM and CM cabinets
mounted in standard
switch.

These cabinets are


fastened to a switch Room
and interconnected by
cables
Incoming calls
•Gateway MSCcontact:-The first job of the Gateway MSC is to
determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect
the call. It does this by consulting the Home Location Register (HLR)

•Routing the call:- When the HLR receives this query message, it
determines whether the call should be routed to another number (called a
divert), or if it is to be routed directly to the mobile.

•Locating and ringing call:-When the call arrives at the


Visiting MSC, the MSRN is used to determine which of the phones in this
area is being called, that is the MSRN maps back to the SIM of the original
phone number dialled. The MSC pages all the mobile phone masts in the
area in order to inform the phone that there is an incoming call for it.
 Encoding of speech during call:- During a GSM
call, speech is converted from analogue sound waves to
digital data by thephone itself, and transmitted through
the mobile phone network by digitalmeans.

OUTGOING CALLS
 Once a mobile phone has successfully attached to a GSM
network as described above, calls may be made from the
phone to any other phone on the global PSTN.
 The user dials telephone no, presses the send or talk key,
and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to
the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone
base transceiver station (BTS).
 The call setup request message is handled next by the
mobile switching center, which checks the subscriber's
record held in the visitor location register to see if the
outgoing call is allowed. If so, the MSC then routes the
call in the same way that a telephone exchange does in
a fixed network
BROADBAND SERVICE
BSNL offers Internet service with a speed range of 2
Mbps to 8 Mbps across 3,200 towns and cities. Out
of the 612 district headquarters in the country, 585
have broadband connectivity.
What is broadband?
 An ‘always-on’ data connection that is able to support
interactive services including Internet access and has
the capability of the minimum download speed of
256 kbps to an individual subscriber
from the Point Of Presence (POP) of the service
provider.
Broadband Services
Network Architecture
PSTN
TELEPHONE
ISP

PHONE ADSL ADSL


Broadband
CPE LINECARD
PC STB /IP
network
ADSL
ACCESS NSP
MUX

DSLAM

Customer BSNL Telephone BSNL Broadband


Premises Exchange N/W & ISP
Broadband by DSL Anywhere
 The technologies thatenable the delivery
today of
–High bandwidth low latency data,
–Voice and
–Video services

All via DSL, to anycustomer


served by a copperloop
ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)
 Transmit asymmetric datastream:
-more going downstream to thesubscriber
-less coming upstream back
Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) was selected asthe
official line coding standard.
Suitable for Internet access , VoD andInteractive
Services which are actually asymmetric in nature.
Broadband Services Applications
 High Speed Internet Access Always-On(Talk &
Surf Simultaneously on same Telephone Line)
 LAN Access (Teleworking): Virtual Private
Network (VPN) for Corporate Customers
 Broadcast TV/Video On Demand
 Video Conferencing, Gaming & Home Shopping-
Interactive Services
 Distance Learning & Tele Medicine

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