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Mechanical Fastening

Mechanical fasteners are used to join materials and pieces together. They are easy to manufacture and assemble, low cost, and environmentally friendly. Mechanical fasteners experience shear and tensile stresses and must withstand these forces. The main types are threaded fasteners like nuts and bolts, non-threaded fasteners like rivets, and retaining devices like rings and keys. Threaded fasteners are widely used and come in the forms of bolts and screws, which have heads, threads, and gripping sections. Bolts are used to clamp materials together and screws thread directly into materials. Mechanical fastening provides an adjustable yet strong connection between pieces.

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Nurhuda Hayati
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636 views17 pages

Mechanical Fastening

Mechanical fasteners are used to join materials and pieces together. They are easy to manufacture and assemble, low cost, and environmentally friendly. Mechanical fasteners experience shear and tensile stresses and must withstand these forces. The main types are threaded fasteners like nuts and bolts, non-threaded fasteners like rivets, and retaining devices like rings and keys. Threaded fasteners are widely used and come in the forms of bolts and screws, which have heads, threads, and gripping sections. Bolts are used to clamp materials together and screws thread directly into materials. Mechanical fastening provides an adjustable yet strong connection between pieces.

Uploaded by

Nurhuda Hayati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL FASTENING

August 24, 2019


Mechanical Fastening
 Mechanical fasteners are devices that are used to locate, hold,
join or couple two or more pieces of materials or work
together.
 The reasons that we used mechanical fastening as following:
 Easy to manufacturing.
 Easy to assembly and transportation.
 Easy to maintenance, repair or replacement.
 Low cost of manufacturing the product.
 Simple technique.
 Long tool life.
 No pre-drilled hole required for self-drilling fasteners.
 Low energy demand.
 Environmentally and user friendly.
Mechanical Fastening

 Mechanical
fastening may be
subjected to both
shear and tensile
stresses and
should be
designed to resist
these forces.

Shear stress
Mechanical Fastening

Tensile stress
Mechanical Fastening
 Thefour main groups of mechanical
fastening systems are
 Threaded fasteners (nuts & bolts
and screws).
 Fixed fasteners (rivet).
 Aligning (pin).
Non-threaded
 Retaining (rings, washers, and
fasteners.
keys).
Mechanical Fastening
THREADED FASTENERS
 Two basic types of machine-threaded fasteners:
- Nuts & bolts
- Screws.
 Generally they used pre-drilled holes.

 Typical use is for structural assembly in engineering


applications, particularly where high strength is required.
 They can also be found in smaller form in for example
components where de- and re-assembly may be required
(e.g. in domestic electronics).
Mechanical Fastening
Bolts
 Bolts are threaded fastener
designed to pass through holes in
mating members and to be secured
by tightening nuts from the end
opposite the head of the bolts.
 Bolt is usually in conjunction with
washers and nuts.
 Most widely used non-permanent
fastening.
 The bolt head is usually hexagonal
and shank is screwed for all or part Hexagon Bolt

of its length ( known as a screw).


Mechanical Fastening
Bolts
 Most bolts are manufactured from low-medium carbon
steel by forging or machining.
 Bolts may also be made from high tensile (HT) steel, alloy
steel, stainless steel, brass and other metals.
 Bolts may be plated or galvanized to prevent corrosion.

 The various types of bolts:


Mechanical Fastening
Bolts
 The basic parts of bolts:
 Head.
 Bearing surface – the area
through which the bolt is
loaded in tension.
 Shank – unthreaded portion
of the bolt.
 Male Threads – the threads
on a bolt, screw, or stud are
known as ‘male,’ those on a
nut or tapped hole are
‘female’.
 Point –end of the threads
often chamfered for easier
thread starting.
 Grip Length – the length
from the bearing surface to
first complete thread.
 Thread length.
 Length – the total length of
the bolt.
Mechanical Fastening
Bolting applications
 To provide a mechanical connection which can be assembled and /
or disassembled non-destructively and which is strong enough to
resist the loads placed on them.
 Typical applications of bolting include, fixing of car wheels to
wheel hubs, fixing of cylinder heads to cylinder blocks and the
clamping of pipes and cables.
Advantages
 Ease of use - i.e. little or no technical expertise needed to assemble
/ disassemble a bolted connection other than the ability to use a
torque wrench where required.
 Cheap.

 Readily available.

 Availability of engineering data, both experimental and of actual


usage collated over many years.
Disadvantages
 Sometimes bolted joints can loosen when they experience vibration
Mechanical Fastening

Screws
 Screws are threaded fastener

designed to be inserted through


a hole in one member and into a
threaded hole in a mating
member.

Hexagon head cap screw


Mechanical Fastening
Screws
 The three types of screws are

 Machine screws.
 Set screws.
 Self-tapping screws.
Mechanical Fastening
Machine Screws
 They have plain ends not chamfered like the
other types of screws.

Machine Screws
Mechanical Fastening
Set Screws
 Set screws are used to develop a normal force between two
objects (e.g. collar and shaft) in order to prevent its
movements or rotation in relation to another pats.

Set Screws
Mechanical Fastening
Self-tapping Screws
 Self-tapping screws require no nuts or tapped holes.

 Mostly used in assembly where thin section metal sheets

are used.

Self-tapping Screws
TO BE CONTINUE…
THANK YOU

See you in next lecture….

August 24, 2019

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