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The Nature of Mathematics

This document outlines a course on mathematics. Section I discusses the nature of mathematics, including how math is used in the world, mathematical language and symbols, and problem solving. Section II covers using math as a tool, particularly for data management. Section III also discusses using math as a tool for topics like geometric designs, codes, finance, graphs and more. The document provides examples of patterns in nature that demonstrate mathematical concepts like symmetry, fractals, spirals and the Fibonacci sequence.

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Joerlan Carl Nuñez Bermundo
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104 views43 pages

The Nature of Mathematics

This document outlines a course on mathematics. Section I discusses the nature of mathematics, including how math is used in the world, mathematical language and symbols, and problem solving. Section II covers using math as a tool, particularly for data management. Section III also discusses using math as a tool for topics like geometric designs, codes, finance, graphs and more. The document provides examples of patterns in nature that demonstrate mathematical concepts like symmetry, fractals, spirals and the Fibonacci sequence.

Uploaded by

Joerlan Carl Nuñez Bermundo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE OUTLINE

I. The Nature of Mathematics


 Mathematics in our world.
 Mathematical language and symbols.
 Problem solving and reasoning.
II. Mathematics as a Tool (part 1)
 Data Management
III. Mathematics as a Tool (part 2)
 Geometric Designs
 Codes
 Linear Programming
 The Mathematics of Finance
 Apportionment and Voting
 Logic
 The mathematics of graphs
 Mathematical systems
THE NATURE of MATHEMATICS

Mathematics in Our World


Patterns and regularities in the world, and
how mathematics comes into play, both in
nature and human endeavors.
NATURE BY NUMBERS
PATTERNS
- regular, repeated, or recurring forms or
designs
(we see patterns every day, it help us
understand, manipulate and appreciate
the world around us)
PATTERNS
- Patterns indicate a sense of structure and
organization that it seems only humans
are capable of producing these intricate,
creative, and amazing formations. It is
from this perspective that some people
see an “intelligent design” in the way
that nature forms.
a. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, _____
b. 22, 21, 25, 24, 28, 27, _____
c. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, _____
d. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, _____
e. CSD, ETF, GUH, _____, KWL
f. AZ, TI, BY, RK, CX, PM, _____
Symmetry
Vitruvian Man
Vitruvian Man
This image demonstrates the blend
of mathematics and art during
the Renaissance and demonstrates Leonardo's
deep understanding of proportion.
Spiderwort
Three-fold symmetry
Starfish
Five-fold symmetry
Snowflakes
Fractals
• A rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be
subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least
approximately) a reduced/size copy of the whole.
• A fractal is a never ending pattern that repeats itself
at different scales.
Fractals
Honeycomb
Honeycomb
A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic
wax cells built by honey bees in their nests to
contain their larvae and stores
of honey and pollen.
It is observed that such formation enables the
bee colony to maximize their storage of honey
using smallest amount of wax.
• Packing problems involve finding the
optimum method of filling up a given space
such as cubic or spherical containers
Snail’s Shell
equiangular spiral
- As the distance from the spiral center
increases (radius), the amplitudes of the
angles formed by the radii to the point and
the tangent to the point remain constant.
World Population
• As of 2017, world population is estimated
about 7.6 billion
• Mathematics can be used to model population
growth.
𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡
A= size of the population
P=initial number of people
r= rate of growth
t= time
Sunflower
Sunflower
• There is a definite pattern of clockwise and
counterclockwise arcs or spirals extending
outward from the center of the flower.
 this arrangement allows the sunflower seeds to
occupy the flower head in a way that maximizes
their access to light and necessary nutrients.
Sunflower
..\The Mind-Blowing Mathematics of Sunflowers
- Instant Egghead #59.mp4
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

Fibonacci Sequence Spirals in Nature - The


Golden Ratio_Trim.mp4
Sequence
A sequence is an ordered list of numbers,
called terms, that may have repeated values.
The arrangement of these terms is set by a
definite rule. The terms of a sequence could
be generated by applying the rule to previous
terms of the sequence.
examples: Identify the next three terms
a. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20
b. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8
Fibonacci Sequence

The Fibonacci sequence is formed by adding


the preceding two numbers, beginning with 0
and 1. Ratios of two Fibonacci numbers
approximate the Golden Ratio (1.618), which
is considered as the most aesthetically
pleasing proportion.
Fibonacci Sequence
Starting with 0 and 1, the succeeding terms in the
sequence can be generated by adding the two
numbers that came before them.

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …

 In mathematical terms, the sequence 𝐹𝑛 of


Fibonacci numbers is defined by
𝑭𝒏 = 𝑭𝒏−𝟏 + 𝑭𝒏−𝟐
with seed values 𝐹0 = 0 and 𝐹1 = 1.
Fibonacci Sequence
Fibonacci sequence is very visible in nature:

Spiral arrangement of sunflower seeds


The number of petals in a flower.
The shape of a snail’s shell
pinecones
Golden Ratio
The ratios of successive Fibonacci numbers approach the
Golden Ratio.

1 13
= 1.0000 = 1.6250
1 8
2 21
= 2.0000 = 1.6154
1 13
3 34
= 1.5000 = 1.6190
2 21
5 55
= 1.6667 = 1.6177
3 34
8 89
= 1.6000 = 1.6182
5 55
Take the Golden Ratio diagram, above, and draw an
arch in each square, from one corner to the
opposite corner, you will draw the first curve of the
Golden Spiral (or Fibonacci Sequence)
Golden Ratio
The Golden ratio is a special number found by
dividing a line into two parts so that the longer
part divided by the smaller part is also equal to
the whole length divided by the longer part. It
is often symbolized using phi, 𝜑 or Φ.

Φ ≈ 1.618033 …
Golden Ratio
Shapes and figures that bear this proportion are
generally considered to be aesthetically
pleasing.
• Mona Lisa
• Notre Dame Cathedral
• Parthenon
• DNA molecules
Parthenon
Notre Dame Cathedral
Mona Lisa
DNA molecules
The DNA molecule measures 34 angstroms
long by 21 angstroms wide for each full cycle
of its double helix spiral. These numbers, 34
and 21, are numbers in the Fibonacci series,
and their ratio 1.6190476 closely
approximates Phi, 1.6180339.
DNA molecules
Mathematics for our World

Mathematics helps organize patterns and


regularities in the world. Mathematics help
predict the behavior of nature and
phenomena in the world, as well as helps
human exert control over occurrences in the
world for the advancement of our civilization.

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