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Research Methodology & Report Writing

This document discusses different types of research methodology. It defines research and describes business research as investigating problems in a work setting through a systematic process. Research is defined as investigating problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The objectives of research are gaining new insights, accurately portraying situations, and testing hypotheses. The document then discusses types of research including fundamental vs applied research, exploratory vs conclusive research, and descriptive vs causal research. It provides examples and differences between exploratory and conclusive research.

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Jyoti Pandey
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21 views

Research Methodology & Report Writing

This document discusses different types of research methodology. It defines research and describes business research as investigating problems in a work setting through a systematic process. Research is defined as investigating problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The objectives of research are gaining new insights, accurately portraying situations, and testing hypotheses. The document then discusses types of research including fundamental vs applied research, exploratory vs conclusive research, and descriptive vs causal research. It provides examples and differences between exploratory and conclusive research.

Uploaded by

Jyoti Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research Methodology & Report

Writing
What is Research?
Word ‘Research’ is comprises of two words = Re+Search.
It means to search again. So research means a careful
investigation or inquiry especially through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge. Research is the process
of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study
and analysis of the situational factors.
Business Research

Business research can be described as a systematic


and organized effort to investigate a specific problem
encountered in the work setting, which needs a
solution. It comprises a series of steps designed and
executed, with the goal of finding answers to the
issues that are of concern to the manager in the
work environment.
Definitions of Research
“Research comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organising and evaluating data; making deductions and
reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the
conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating
hypothesis.”
Clifford Woody
“Research is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge.”
Redman & Mori
Objective of Research
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve
new insights into it.
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a group.
3. To determine the frequency with which something
occurs or with which it is associated with something
else.
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between
variables.
Some Commonly Researched Areas
in Business
1. Employee behaviours such as performance, absenteeism, and
turnover.
2. Employee attitudes such as job satisfaction, loyalty, and
organizational commitment
3. Employee selection, recruitment, training, and retention.
4. Updating policies and procedures in keeping with latest
government regulations and organizational changes.
5. Organizational outcomes such as increased sales, market
share, profits, growth, and effectiveness.
6. Consumer complaints.
7. Impression management, logos, and image building.
Continued…..

8. Cost of capital, valuation of firms, dividend policies,


and investment decisions.
9. Qualified pension plans and cafeteria type of benefits
for employees.
10. Keeping ahead of the competition in the new
millennium.
……etc.
Types of Research

Application Objective Enquiry mode

Fundamental Quantitative
Research Descriptive Analytical Research
Research Research

Applied Qualitative
Research Conceptual Empirical Research
Research Research
Types of Business
Research

Fundamental Applied
Research Research

Exploratory Conclusive
Research Research

Descriptive Causal
Research Research
Fundamental Research
If research is done purely academic reason of a need to know or
to investigate some best practices inventory management, or a
new cause and effect relationship then research is termed to be
fundamental or basic research. The purpose behind the study is
wider, where the benefits generated would be applicable to the
entire business community.
Applied Research
In applied research study is more contextual and restricted. For
example, your product which was declared a winner in the test
marketing that you conducted is not able to take off after the
product launch and you need to identify the reason for this, in
order to take corrective action.
Thus the study you undertake would have limited relevance and
be able to generate knowledge specific to the problem situation
and it has implications for immediate action. This action oriented
research is termed as applied research.
Exploratory Research
This type of research are conducted to resolve ambiguity.
Differing mainly in design from descriptive research, exploratory
research is used principally to gain a deeper understanding of
something. Its role is to provide direction to subsequent and more
structured research.
Example: A review of market opportunities available to a
prospective entrepreneur; an informal survey conducted to
identify the problem in the supply chain of a product etc.
Study of this nature are less structured more flexible in approach.
Exploratory studies are also conducted to develop refine or test
the designed measuring instruments.
The nature of the study being loosely structured means the
researcher’s skill in observing and recording all possible
information determine the accuracy of the findings.
Conclusive Research
The finding of exploratory research might be tested and
authenticated by conclusive research. This type of research study
is specially carried out to test and validate formulated hypotheses
and specified relationships. These studies are more structured and
definite.
Descriptive research
This kind of research is undertaken to describe the situation,
phenomenon, outcome or program. The main objective is to
describe the data and characteristic about what is being studied.
Example: The annual census conducted by government of India.
It is contemporary, topical and time-bound.
Causal Research
This type of conclusive research address the need for establishing
causality. These study addresses the why and how of the
phenomena. These type of research explore the effect of one
variable to the other. They are highly structured and require a
high sequential approach to sampling data collection and
analysis.
Difference between exploratory and conclusive
research
Exploratory Research Conclusive Research
Loosely structured in design Is well structured and systematic
in design
Is flexible and investigative in Has a formal and definitive
methodology methodology that needs to be
followed and tested
Does not involve testing of Most conclusive researches are
hypotheses carried out to test the formulated
hypotheses
Finding might be topic-specific Findings are significant as they
and might not have much have a theoretical or applied
relevance outside the implication
researcher’s domain

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