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Laws of Logarithms

The document discusses the laws of logarithms and their properties for expanding, condensing, and simplifying logarithmic expressions. It provides examples of using the properties to expand logarithms into sums and differences, as well as condensing expressions into single logarithms. It also discusses calculating hydrogen ion concentration from pH and solving word problems using the basic logarithm properties.

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bonifacio gianga jr
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467 views

Laws of Logarithms

The document discusses the laws of logarithms and their properties for expanding, condensing, and simplifying logarithmic expressions. It provides examples of using the properties to expand logarithms into sums and differences, as well as condensing expressions into single logarithms. It also discusses calculating hydrogen ion concentration from pH and solving word problems using the basic logarithm properties.

Uploaded by

bonifacio gianga jr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAWS OF

LOGARITHMS

By Bonifacio Jr. L. Giangan


*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 𝟔𝟒 =3
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟑 =1
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝟓 =3
𝟑
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 (𝟕𝟑 ∙ 𝟕𝟖 ) 11 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 (𝟕𝟑 ∙ 𝟕𝟖 ) =𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕𝟑 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕𝟖
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕𝟓 5

*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕𝟑 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕𝟖 11 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕𝟓 =𝟓


*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝟐𝟕 ∙ 𝟖𝟏) 7
∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕
*𝟓 ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 (𝟐𝟕 ∙ 𝟖𝟏)= 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟐𝟕 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟖𝟏
5
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟐𝟕 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟖𝟏
7
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟕𝟒𝟗
𝟒𝟗
1 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟒𝟗 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕
*𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟒𝟗 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 𝟕 𝟕

1
•Laws of logarithms

Let 𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏 and 𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒏 ∈ ℝ. For 𝒖 >


𝟎, 𝒗 > 𝟎, then

1. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖𝒗 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒗


𝒖
2. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒗 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒗
3. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖𝒏 = 𝒏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒖
Use the properties of logarithm to EXPAND the expressions
as a sum, difference, or multiple of logarithms. Simplify

𝑥3
1. log 3 log 𝑥 − log 2
2

2.ln[𝑥 𝑥 − 5 ] ln 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 − 5)
Use the properties of logarithm to CONDENSE the
expressions as a sigle logarithm.

1. log 2 + log 3 log 6

2. 2 ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦 𝑥2
ln
𝑦
*
*Note: Mention that log 𝑏 𝑢 is
𝑛

not the same as log 𝑏 𝑢 . In


𝑛

the first expression, n is the


exponent of u, but in the
second expression, n is the
exponent of log 𝑏 𝑢.
Emphasize some common
mistakes:
*log 2 (5 + 2) ≠ log 2 5 + log 2 5
*log 2 5 − 2 ≠ log 2 5 − log 2 2
*log 2 5 ∙ 2 ≠ 2 log 2 5 ∙ 2
2
*Calculate the hydrogen ion
concentration of vinegar that
has a pH level of 3.0. (Refer
to lesson 17 for a discussion of
pH levels)
*Solution:
pH= − log[𝐻+ ]
+
3.0 = − log 𝐻
−3.0 = log 𝐻+
−3.0 𝐻+
10 = 10
−3.0 +
10 = [𝐻 ]
*Answer: The hydrogen ion concentration is 𝟏𝟎−𝟑.𝟎 moles
per liter.
GROUP ACTIVITY
Direction: Answer the given problem and use
the basic properties and laws of logarithms.
• Suppose you have seats to a concert
featuring your favorite musical artist. Calculate
the approximate decibel level associated if a
typical concert’s sound intensity(I) is 10−2
W/m2
Sound Intensity
In acoustics, the decibel (dB) level of a sound is
𝐼
D=10log 10−12where I is the sound intensity in
watts/𝑚2 (the quantity 10−12 watts/𝑚2 is least audible sound a
human can hear
*Study about Change-base
formula. Give some
examples.

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