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Fault Types

This document discusses different types of faults and their characteristics. It defines a fault as a fracture or zone of fractures between two rock blocks that allows them to move relative to each other, sometimes causing earthquakes. There are several types of faults including normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults, and oblique-slip faults. Each type is characterized by the direction of movement between the fault blocks. The document also discusses where faults form, parts of a fault, and provides examples of specific fault types.

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269 views16 pages

Fault Types

This document discusses different types of faults and their characteristics. It defines a fault as a fracture or zone of fractures between two rock blocks that allows them to move relative to each other, sometimes causing earthquakes. There are several types of faults including normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults, and oblique-slip faults. Each type is characterized by the direction of movement between the fault blocks. The document also discusses where faults form, parts of a fault, and provides examples of specific fault types.

Uploaded by

Nathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FAULT TYPES AND ITS

CHARACTERISTICS

Presented by:
Jonathan Dave Clores
Jerus Frias Decano
WHAT IS A FAULT?
• It is a fracture or zone of fractures between two block of rocks.
Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This
movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake.
• A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust. Typically, faults are associated
with, or form, the boundaries between Earth’s tectonic plates. In an
active fault, the pieces of the Earth's crust along a fault move over
time. The moving rocks can cause earthquakes. Inactive faults had
movement along them at one time, but no longer move.
HOW DO FAULTS FORMED?
• A new fault forms when the stress on the rock is great enough to cause a
fracture, and one wall in the fracture moves relative to the other. Faults
can also appear far from the boundaries between tectonic plates when
stress caused by rising magma from the mantle overcomes the strength
of rocks in the overlying crust.
WHERE DO EARTHQUAKE HAPPEN?
• Earthquakes occur all the time all over the world, both along plate edges
and along faults.
TRIVIA:

NEW FAULT LINE SYSTEM


PHILIPPINE IN THE PHILIPPINES WAS
FAULT DISCOVERED LAST 2013
LINE
NEARBY AREA OF
SYSTEM
“EAST BOHOL FAULT LINE
CAUSES 7.2 MAGNITUDE I
CENTRAL VISAYAS
PARTS OF A FAULT

The hanging wall occurs


Foot Wall is the block above the fault plane 
positioned under it

The fault plane is the planar


(flat) surface along which there
is slip during an earthquake.
TYPES OF FAULTING MECHANISM
1. Dip Slip Fault
• Normal Fault
• Reverse Fault

2. Strike- Slip Fault


• Left Lateral Strike-slip
• Right Lateral Strike-slip

3. Oblique-Slip Fault
DIP-SLIP FAULT
Dip-slip faults are inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted
vertically. If the rock mass above an inclined fault moves down, the fault is
termed normal, whereas if the rock above the fault moves up, the fault is
termed reverse.
DIP-SLIP FAULT (NORMAL)
Normal faults develop in areas where the land is pulling apart or stretching.
The tension in the crust increases until the rocks fracture. One block of land
slips downward in relation to the block of land on the other side of the fault
plane.

NOTE: THIS HAPPENS AT DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES


DIP- SLIP FAULT (REVERSE)
Reverse faults occur in areas undergoing compression (squishing).

NOTE: THIS HAPPENS AT CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES


STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
In these faults the fault plane is usually vertical, so there is no hanging wall
or footwall. The forces creating these faults are lateral or horizontal,
carrying the sides past each other.

NOTE: THIS HAPPENS AT TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES


STRIKE-SLIP FAULT(LEFT
LATERAL)
If you were to stand on the fault and look along its length, this is a type of strike-
slip fault where the left block moves toward you and the right block moves away.

 
NOTE: IT IS ALSO CALLED AS SINISTRAL FAULT
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT (RIGHT
LATERAL)
If you were to stand on the fault and look along its length, this is a type of
strike-slip fault where the right block moves toward you and the left block
moves away.

NOTE: IT IS ALSO CALLED AS DEXTRAL FAULT


OBLIQUE SLIP FAULT
Oblique-slip faulting suggests both dip-slip faulting and strike-slip faulting.
It is caused by a combination of shearing and tension or compressional
forces. Nearly all faults will have some component of both dip-slip (normal
or reverse) and strike-slip, so defining a fault as oblique requires both dip
and strike components to be measurable and significant.
REFERENCES
• Earthquake faults and its background; Incorporated Research Institutions of
Seismology. 1200 New York Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 
• https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary
• http://www.files.ethz.ch/structuralgeology/JPB/files/English/5wrench.pdf
• http://www.opensha.org/glossary-hangingFootWall
• Park R.G. - 1993. Geological structures and moving plates, 2nd ed. Chapman &
Hall, Glasgow
• http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/331158/phivolcs-new-fault-line-
may-have-been-source-of-bohol-earthquake/story/
• http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/where.html
• http://www.affordablecebu.com/pictures/articles/philippine_gov/Philippines-Fault-L
ine-Trenches-Map.jpg
• http://blogs.britannica.com/2011/02/how-fault-lines-form/

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