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First-Order Differential Equations

This document provides an introduction and overview of first-order differential equations. It defines differential equations and various types including ordinary and partial differential equations. It further classifies differential equations by order, linearity, and discusses solutions including explicit and implicit solutions. Specific examples are given for separable and linear first-order differential equations.

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Lief Deltora
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133 views17 pages

First-Order Differential Equations

This document provides an introduction and overview of first-order differential equations. It defines differential equations and various types including ordinary and partial differential equations. It further classifies differential equations by order, linearity, and discusses solutions including explicit and implicit solutions. Specific examples are given for separable and linear first-order differential equations.

Uploaded by

Lief Deltora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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First-Order Differential

Equations
Review of ODE
Introduction
Definition
• An equation containing the derivatives of one or more dependent
variables, with respect to one ore more independent variables, is said
to be a differential equation (DE)
• Leibniz notation : dy/dx, d2y/dx2, dny/dxn u / x, u / y,  2u / xy
• Prime notation : y', y'', y(n)
• Newton's notation : y , y , y
• Subscript notation : ux, uy, uxy
Introduction
Classification by Type
• If a DE contains only ordinary derivatives of one or more functions
with respect to a single independent variable, it is said to be an
ordinary differential equation (ODE).
• An equation involving only partial derivatives of one ore more
functions with respect to two or more independent variables is called
a partial differential equation (PDE).
Introduction
Classification by Type
Introduction
Classification by Order
• The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest
derivative in the equation.
Introduction
Classification by Linearity
• An nth-order ordinary differential equation is said to be linear when

• A nonlinear ODE is simply one that is not linear. If the coefficients of


y, y',...,y(n) contain the dependent variable y or its derivatives, then
the DE is nonlinear. Also, nonlinear functions of the dependent
variable or its derivatives cannot apear in a linear equation
Introduction
Classification by Linearity
Solution
• Any function f, defined on an interval I and possessing at least n
derivatives that are continuous on I, which is then substituted into an
n-th order ordinary differential equation reduces the equation to an
identity, is said to be a solution of the equation in the interval.
Explicit and Implicit Solutions
• A solution in which the dependent variable is expressed solely in
terms of the independent variable and constants is said to be an
explicit solution.
• A relation G(x,y) = 0 is said to be an implicit solution of an ordinary
differential equation on an interval I provided there exists at least one
function f that satisfies the relation as well as the differential
equation on I.
Separable Equations
Separable Equations

Ans: y = c (1 + x)
Separable Equations

Ans: X2 + y2 = 25
Linear Equations
Linear Equations
Linear Equations

Ans: y = -2 + ce3x
Linear Equations

Ans: y = x - 1 + 5e-x
Linear Equations

Ans:

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