A little cup of Java

By: Rajiv Kumar

30 March 2019
 Today’s session
• Part-1) Java overview (5mins)
– What java is
– Java features
– Java’s cross-platform
• Part-2) two simple and typical java programs
– A stand-lone java and its running (5mins)
– A applet and its running (5mins)
 Part-one
• Java overview
 What Java is
• Java is an “easy” programming language,

• Java works for internet project(mainly), and apply

“3-tired architecture”, coding on the server-side
– So besides Java language knowledge, we need to learn
lots of thing about telecommunication on WEB, to
finish a real-time project.
 What Java is(continue)

• Java applies Object-Oriented Tech.

• Java is very portable: cross-platform

 Java’s Features
• Simple
Java omits many rarely used, poorly understood, confusing
features of C++. Say : No Pointer! No dynamic delete.
• Object Oriented
Object –oriented design is a technology that focuses design
on the data (object) and on the interfaces to it.
Let’s say, everything is an object, everything will
become a class in Java. Every java program, in top-
level view, is classes.
 Java’s Features(continue)
• Distributed
Basically, Java is for Net-Work application, for WEB
project.

Java can open and access “objects” across the Net via
URLs (Uniform Resource Locator)----eg.
“http//:gamut.neiu.edu/~ylei/home.html”,

with the same ease as when accessing a local file system

 Java’s Features(continue)

• Robust
The single biggest difference between Java
and C/C++ is that Java has “a inner safe
pointer-model”, therefore it eliminates the
possibility of overwriting memory and corrupting
data, so programmers feel very safe in coding.
 Java’s Features(continue)

• GUI [Java-Swing]
For some reason, Sun believe their java-swing
is very important, so they always put it in their
certificate-tests.
• Multi-threaded
• Secure [ Exception handling ]
• Dynamic [ for Server-side coding]
 Java’s cross-platform
• Interpreted Execute: cross-platform
why: For cross-platform purpose. Once coding, run anywhere.
The Java interpreter ( java.exe and its javaVirtualMachine) can
execute compiled Java-byte-codes(Xxx.class) directly on any machine to
which the interpreter has been ported.
How: ( eg. Dos command line style)
- Edit source code “demo.java” , by notepad/or other IDE tools
- Compile ( javac.exe ) “demo.java” javac Demo.java  Java byte
codes, namely, Demo.class
- Execute (Interpreted Execute) java Demo
Ps: Compiler and Interpreters: Run in Physical CPU
1. Compilers use the traditional compile/link/run strategy.
Examples: C, C++, ML.
source [complie] native-files [link] nativeprogram [run]
demo.c --- obj - demo.exe --Intel cpu
Demoh.h
2. Interpreters execute the source code directly. Examples:
BASIC, Perl, TCL/Tk, ML.
source [load] [interpret run]
demo.perl - source-program  - Intel cpu
data
 Java: Run in Virtual Cpu
:cross-platfrom
Demo.java Compile Demo.class link xxx.class
Source-code “javac” byte-code files bytecode program

interpretedly run on VM |-- Intel CPU

(virtual CPU: JSDK ) |-- … CPU
|-- Apple CPU
 Part-2 2 samples
• How many kinds of java programs ?
• Demo-1: Stand-lone sample
• Demo-2: an Applet sample
How many kinds of Java Programs?
• Un-network app.: (1)Standalone Java program (today)
• Network app: non-standalone Java program
Internet: (2)Applet , (today)
(3)servlet
(4)JavaBean classes
Intranet: (5)EJB ( EnterpriseJavaBean ),
(6)RMI, etc
 Standalone Java Program
• The main() method
public static void main(String args[]){
...
}
public--- the interpreter can call it
static ----It is a static method belonging to the class
void -----It does not return a value
String----It always has an array of String objects as its formal parameter.
the array contains any arguments passed to the program on the
command line
the source file’s name must match the class name which main method is in
1 // Fig. 2.1: Welcome1.java
2 // A first program in Java
3
4 public class Welcome1 {
5 public static void main( String args[] )
6 {
7 System.out.println( "Welcome to Java Programming!" );
8 }
9 }

Welcome to Java Programming!

Java program
1 // Fig. 2.1: Welcome1.java
2 // A first program in Java
3
4 public class Welcome1 {
5 public static void main( String args[] )
6 {
7 System.out.println( "Welcome to Java Programming!" );
8 }
9 }

Java program
 A Simple GUI Program: Printing a
Line of Text
• Display
– Most Java applications use windows or a dialog box
• We have used command window
– Class JOptionPane allows us to use dialog boxes
• Packages
– Set of predefined classes for us to use
– Groups of related classes called packages
• Group of all packages known as Java class library or Java
applications programming interface (Java API)
– JOptionPane is in the javax.swing package
• Package has classes for using Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
1 // Fig. 2.6: Welcome4.java

2 // Printing multiple lines in a dialog box

3 import javax.swing.JOptionPane; // import class JOptionPane

5 public class Welcome4 {

6 public static void main( String args[] )

7 {

8 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(

9 null, "Welcome\nto\nJava\nProgramming!" );

10

11 System.exit( 0 ); // terminate the program

12 }

13 }
 Packages
• Collection of classes, interfaces etc.
• How to use:
– Java: import xxx.*, or
import xxx.xx
 A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a
1 <html>
2
3
String
<applet code="WelcomeApplet.class" width=300 height=30>
</applet>
4 </html>

– appletviewer only understands

<applet> tags
• Ignores everything else
• Minimal browser
– Executing the applet
• appletviewer WelcomeApplet.html
• Perform in directory containing .class file
 import allows us to use
1 // Fig. 3.6: WelcomeApplet.java predefined classes (allowing
2 // A first applet in Java us to use applets and
3 import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class JApplet graphics, in this case).
4 import java.awt.Graphics; // import class Graphics
5
6 public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet {
7 public void paint( Graphics g ) extends allows us to inherit the
8 { capabilities of class JApplet.
9 g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 );
10 }
Method paint is guaranteed to
11 }
be called in all applets. Its first
line must be defined as above.
1 <html>
2 <applet code="WelcomeApplet.class" width=300 height=30>
3 </applet>
4 </html>
1 // Fig. 3.8: WelcomeApplet2.java
2 // Displaying multiple strings
3 import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class JApplet
4 import java.awt.Graphics; // import class Graphics
5
6 public class WelcomeApplet2 extends JApplet {
7 public void paint( Graphics g )
8 {
9 g.drawString( "Welcome to", 25, 25 );
10 g.drawString( "Java Programming!", 25, 40 );
11 }
12 }
The two drawString statements
simulate a newline. In fact, the
concept of lines of text does not
1 <html> exist when drawing strings.
2 <applet code="WelcomeApplet2.class" width=300 height=45>
3 </applet>
4 </html>
1 // Displaying text and lines
2 import javax.swing.JApplet; // import class JApplet
3 import java.awt.Graphics; // import class Graphics
4
5 public class WelcomeLines extends JApplet {
6 public void paint( Graphics g )
7 {
8 g.drawLine( 15, 10, 210, 10 );
9 g.drawLine( 15, 30, 210, 30 );
10 g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 );
11 }
12 }
Draw horizontal lines with
drawLine (endpoints have same
y coordinate).

1 <html>
2 <applet code="WelcomeLines.class" width=300 height=40>
3 </applet>
4 </html>