INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
VISHAL VS
S5 MECHANICAL
ROLL NO: 48
GPTC EZHUKONE
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CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History and Development
• Infrared radiation
• Characteristics of infrared radiation
• Principle of infrared thermography
• Types of infrared thermography
• Working process in IR camera
• Components of IR camera
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
• Reference
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INTRODUCTION
• Infrared thermography uses special cameras that can detect radiation in the
infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum and produce an image of
that radiation.
• The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature.
• When viewed through a thermal imaging camera, warm objects stand out
well against cooler backgrounds.
• Infrared radiations are emitted by all objects near room temperature and it
is not visible to human eye, thermography makes it possible to see.
• In order to perform the role of noncontact temperature recorder, camera
will change the temperature of the object being viewed and its emissivity
setting.
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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
• 1800’s- Sir William Herschel discovered infrared.
• 1970’s–US army develops uncooled irt technology module.
• 1980’s–industries first commercial IR camera introduced.
• 1990’s–successful demonstration of 256,512 pixel cameras and
introduction of night sight and surveillance camera.
• 2000’s -1st development of IR camera with zoom.
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INFRARED RADIATION
• In an electromagnetic spectrum the IR region appears between 0.8 micron
to 1000 micron wavelength.
• Infrared radiation has longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and
therefore generally invisible to the human eye.
• The frequency of infrared radiation ranging from about 300 GHz to
400 THz.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED RADIATION
• It is invisible since its wavelength is longer than visible light. It has nothing
to do with brightness or darkness of visible light.
• It is emitted naturally from any object of which temperature is absolute
zero (0K) or higher.
• It is a kind of light, so it can be transmitted through vaccum.
• There is a co-relation between infrared energy and temperature of an
object. Therefore, it can be used to measure the temperature of an object.
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PRINCIPLE OF INFRARED RADIATION
• Every object with a temperature over absolute zero point emits infrared radiation.
• Based on the intensity of the infrared radiation it determines the temperature of the
object’s surface and makes it visible for the thermal imager for the human eye with
thermal image.
• Black body radiation is the actual principle which on thermography.
• Thermal radiation from a black body is energy converted electro dynamically from
the body’s pool of internal thermal energy at any temperature greater than absolute
zero. It is called black body radiation.
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TYPES OF INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
• There are two types of infrared thermograpy
1. Active thermography
2. passive thermography
Passive thermography:-
• In this method there is no need of external source or light and no radiation is
required.
• In this type of thermography the feature of interest are at higher or lower
temperature than the background.
Active thermography:-
• In this type of thermography an energy source is required to produce a thermal
contrast between the feature of interest and background.
• Active thermography is imaging procedure that perfectly suit for contact free
and non destructive material testing.
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WORKING PROCESS IN IR CAMERA
• Thermal imaging camera convert energy in the infrared wavelength into
visible light dispays.
• Thermal infrared imagers are detector and lens combinations that give a
visual representation of infrared energy emitted by objects.
• Special lens focuses waves from infrared energy onto an infrared sensor
array called detector elements.
• The detector elements create a very detailed temperature pattern called a
thermogram and it is translated into electric impulses.
• The impulses are sent to a signal-processing unit that translates the
information from the elements into data for the display.
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• It appears as various colours depending on the intensity of infrared
radiation.
• The combination of all the impulses from all of the elements creates the
image.
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TYPES OF INFRARED CAMERAS
• There are two types of thermograpic cameras:-
1. Cooled termography camera
2. Uncooed thermographic camera
Cooled thermography camera:-
• Cooled detectors are typically contained in vacuum sealed case and
cryogenically cooled.
• Operational temperature range from 4K to just below room temperature.
• Without cooing, these sensors would be blinded by their own radiations.
• They are expensive to both produce and run.
• It provide superior image quality compared to uncooled ones.
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Uncooled thermograpic cameras:-
• Uncooled thermal cameras use a sensor operating at ambient temperature,
or a sensor stabilized at a temperature close to ambient temperature.
• Modern uncooled detectors all use sensors that work by the change
of resistance, voltage or current when heated by infrared radiation.
• Since they are not cooled to low temperatures and do not require bulky,
expensive, energy consuming cryogenic coolers.
• An uncooled thermal camera also needs to deal with its own heat signature.
• An infrared camera is smaller and less coslty
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ADVANTAGES
• It is a non contact type technique.
• Fast, reliable & accurate output.
• A large surface area can be scanned in no time.
• It is capable of catching moving targets in real time.
• Requires very little skill for monitoring.
• It can be used to detect objects in dark areas.
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• It can used to measure or observe in areas hazardous for other methods.
• The feature of interest can be presented in visual form.
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LIMITATIONS
• Cost of instrument is relatively high.
• Unable to detect the inside temperature if the medium is separated by glass/
polythene material etc.
• Accurate temperature measurements are hindered by differing emissivities
and reflections from other surface.
• Uniform heating is not obtained throughout a specimen when required.
• Most cameras have +/- 2% accuracy of worse in measurement of
temperature and are not as accurate as contact methods.
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APPLICATIONS
• Condition monitoring
• Medical imaging
• Night vision
• Surveillance
• Non destructive testing
• Veterinary thermal imaging
• Volcanology
• Building diagnostics
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