GRADE 9

INTRODUCTION
In this module you will learn that:
 Even before humans learned to read and write they were already artists as
manifested by the different archeological discoveries from the different parts of
the world.
 Each and every civilization of the world has its distinct art forms depending on
its aesthetic and utilitarian needs.
 Pre-historic art is classified into three periods such as; Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age), Mesolithic(Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age) Eras.
 Egyptian civilization was one of the early civilizations that have greatly
contributed in the development of art, religion, science, and technology of the
world. Egyptian art is primarily religious in nature.
 Ancient Greek art depicts naturalism. They portray human forms in a realistic
and anatomically correct manner. Their art has a conservative form with a very
complex detail.
 Roman art developed as a new source of artistic creativity much more
progressive than the conservative Greek art. The diversity of its form and its
variety inspired the modern attitude in art.
 Byzantine art was purposely made to glorify the Christian religion and to express
its mystery. It is filled with spiritual symbolism, illustrates a love of splendor. It
was a combination of Eastern (decorative art forms) and classical Western art
(naturalistic art).
 Romanesque art was characterized by its very vigorous style in painting and
sculpture, lavishly decorated manuscripts, and retained many basic features of
Roman architectural styles. It was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art with
a highly innovative and coherent style.
 The basic characteristics of Gothic art styles reinforce symbolic meanings. The
church symbolizes the transcendence of the soul, and the underlying philosophy
is to create buildings of height and light.
 Different eras different styles, different characteristics and functions of the arts
occurred but all of those contributed in the development and establishing the
importance of arts in our lives today.
OBJECTIVES:
 At the end of this module, learners are expected to:

analyze art elements and principles in the production of work

following the style of Ancient art (Pre-historic and Egyptian Art),
Classical Art (Greek and Roman Art), Medieval Art ( Byzantine,
Romanesque, Gothic)
identify distinct characteristics of arts during the different art
periods.
identify representative artists from various art periods
reflect on and derive the mood, idea or message emanating from
selected artworks
determine the effectiveness of artworks by evaluating its utilization
and combination of art elements and principles
 use artworks to derive the tradition/history of an art period compare
the characteristics of artworks produced in the different art periods
 create artworks guided by techniques and styles from different art
periods
 describe the influence of iconic artists belonging to western Classical
art on the evolution of art forms
 apply different media techniques and processes to communicate ideas,
experiences and stories showing the characteristics of Western Classical
art traditions
 evaluate works of art in terms of artistic concepts and ideas using
criteria from the Western Classical art tradition
 show the influence of Western Classical art traditions to Philippine art
form
 mount an exhibit using computed Western Classical art traditions
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
From the choices below, write the letters corresponding to
the pictures on the Eras where they should belong.
PREHISTORIC ERA
 Pre-historicincludes all human existence
before the emergence of writing. Their art is of
interest not only to the art historians but also
to archeologist and anthropologist, for whom
the art is only one clue- along with fossils,
pollens and other finds to an understanding of
early human life and culture.
Paintings from the Pre-historic Era
 Their paintings were found inside
the caves which may have been
their way of communicating with
each other.
 It may also be for religious or
ceremonial purposes. These
paintings may be more an artifact of
the archeological evidence than a
true picture of humans’ first
created art.
 Prehistoric drawings of animals were
usually correct in proportion.
  The dominant features
in the painting were
large animals native in
the region. It was
discovered on 12
September 1940 and
given statutory historic
monument protection.
The painting has nearly
2,000 figures composed
mainly of animals,
Cave of Lascaux, 15000-10000 B.C. – Stone Age human figures and
abstract design.
Paintings from Ancient Egypt
 The purpose of Egyptian paintings is to make the
deceased afterlife place pleasant. With this in
mind, themes include journey to the underworld
introducing the deceased to the gods of the
underworld by their protective deities.
 It emphasizes the importance of life after death
and the preservation of the knowledge of the
past. Most paintings were highly stylize, symbolic,
and shows profile view of an animal or a person.
Paintings from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen XVIII dynasty,
1362 A.D.- 1253 BC
Paintings from Classical Greek Era
 Paintings during the classical era were most
commonly found in vases, panels and tomb. It
depicts natural figures with dynamic
compositions.
 Most of the subjects were battle scenes,
mythological figures, and everyday scenes It
reveals a grasp of linear perspective and
naturalist representation.
Most common methods of Greek painting:
 1. Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a
freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces. Colors are
made with grind powder pigments in pure water, dry and set
with a plaster to become a permanent part of the wall. Ideal
for murals, durable and has a matte style.

 2. Encaustic– developed to use by Greek ship builders, who

used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the ship. Soon pigments
(colors) was added and used to paint a wax hull.
Vase painting
 Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are red-figured
pottery named after the place where it was found.
 Shapes commonly found are:
1. pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles and a low
broad foot)
3. lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to carry
bridal bath)
4. krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)
Panel Painting
 There are paintings on flat panels of wood. It can be either a
small, single piece or several panels joined together. Most of the
panel paintings no longer exist because of its organic composition.
Tomb / Wall Painting
 Tomb or wall painting was very popular during the classical period.
It uses the method frescos either tempera (water-base) or
encaustic (wax). It has a sharp, flatly outlined style of painting and
because it uses water-based materials, very few samples survived.
Paintings from the Romantic Era
 Mostof the paintings in this era were copied or imitated
from Hellenic Greek paintings.
 Frescotechnique was used in brightly colored
backgrounds; division of the wall into a multiple
rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe design); multipoint
perspective; and a tropme-l’-oeil effect.
 Roman paintings have a wide variety of subjects, animals,
everyday life, still life, mythological subjects, portraits
and landscapes.
Mosaic
 Itis an art process where an
image is created using an
assemblage of small pieces of
colored glass, stones, or other
materials. This technique use
for decorative art or interior
decorations.
Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries,
Pompeii 80 BC
Boscotrecase, Pompeii
Paintings from the Medieval Era
Byzantine Painting
 The lively styles of paintings which had been
invented in Greek and Rome lived on in
Byzantium but this time for Christian
subjects.
 By the 11th century, the Greek and Oriental
styles seem to blend together in magnificent,
imposing images, which adorned the churches
in large and small forms.
Theodora was an Asian Queen with dark
eyes and hair with fierce expression;
Romanesque Painting
 These are largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches that
follows a strict frontal pose.
 It has a remarkable variety of artistic traditions such as modeling
and treatment of faces and draperies that follow Byzantine
convention while the refreshingly decorative feeling comes from
southern French styles.
 It also shows traces of Mozarabic influence (Arabize influence)
through elongated oval faces, large staring eyes and long noses,
figures against flat colored bands and heavy outlining.
Christ in Majesty,
painting from the Church of Saint
Clemente, Tahull,
Lerida Spain,
c. 1123
Musue Nacional d’Art de
Catalunya, Barcelona
 Paintings from the Gothic Era
Paintings have been
confined in the
illumination of manuscript
pages and the painting of
frescoes on the walls of
churches in cosmopolitan
style, elegant, mannered
and sophisticated. Lady and the Unicorn tapestry, 1506- 1513
Rose window from the North
transcept, about 1230 Image
from Treasures of the World,
1961 CCP Library

Stained glass windows were created

to transform the vast stone interiors
with warm and glowing color and at
the same time to instruct Christians
in their faith.
The Shepherd David, 13th
century, Gothic manuscript
illustration
ASSESSMENT
DIRECTIONS:
1/4 sheet of paper.
 Identify
distinct characteristics of arts during the
different art periods.
 Write
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine,
Romanesque, Gothic.
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS

CLEARLY – Yung malinaw. Hindi katulad
ng feelings niya sayo na MAGULO NA!
MALABO PA!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

2. NO ERASURES – Mag isip kang

mabuti, kaya ka naloloko eh, Siya
na nga yung RIGHT ONE, PINALITAN
MO PA!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

3. FINISH EACH QUESTION IN

20 SECONDS – Alam mo dapat
kelan ka susuko. Pag TAPOS NA,
TAPOS NA!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

4. DO NOT CHEAT – Huwag tumulad

sa ex mong akala mo LOYAL sayo,
paiyak iyak pa nung nag break kayo
pero kinabukasan may bago ng IBA.
“THE ONLY PREPARATION
OF TOMORROW IS THE
RIGHT USE OF TODAY”
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THANK YOU
AND GOD
BLESS
GROUP ACTIVITY
DIRECTIONS:
The classroom will be group into 5.

For the cover of this unit exhibit . Make an artwork, by using different form
of art to make an images of a mix cavemen, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans
walking across a world map. ( painting, mosaic, drawing, etc.)

MATERIALS: 1 HALF ILLUSTRATION BOARD

ARTWORK MATERIALS (PAINTING, MOSAIC, DRAWING, ETC)
Sculptures from the
Early Age
Pre-Historic Sculptures

 Materialsused in sculptures vary according to

region and locality. Archeologists believed that
their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and
not of human artistry.
 Frequently carving may have mythological or
religious significance.
Venus of Willendorf
28,000 B.C.E. – 25,000 B.C.E
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961
CCP Library
It is carved from limestone with
excessively heavy breast and
abdomen used as charm to
ensure fertility.
Venus of Brassempouy
Museed’Archéologie Nationale at Saint-
Germain-enlaye
25,000 years old
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961
CCP Library

A sculpture of a lady with the

hood. It is a fragmentary ivory
figurine from the Upper
Paleolithic era that realistically
represents the human face and
hairstyle
Sculptures from the Egyptian Era
 Symbolic elements were widely used such as forms,
hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials,
color, actions and gestures. Their tombs required
the most extensive used of sculpture.
 The
most common materials used for sculptures are
wood, ivory and stones.
Characteristics of the sculptures:
 1. Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods.
They were represented as composite creature with animal
heads on human bodies
 2. Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to
record an event or represent an action.
 3. Most of the time the gods were shown larger than
humans, the kings larger than their followers, the dead
larger than the living.
 4. Empty space were filled with figures or hieroglyphics
 5. All individual components were all brought to the plane
of representation and laid out like writing
Queen Nefertiti, painted
limestone
18th Dynasty, 1375-1357 BC
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961
CCP Library
Realistic, with heavy lided
eyes, slender neck, determined
chin and pure profile under her
heavy crown.
Queen , refers to the Great
Royal wife of the Egyptian
pharoah .
The Pharoah Menkaure and his
Queen, stone
4th Dynasty, 2548 - 2530 B.C.E.
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP
Library

An example of portraits presented

in rigid postures , and were simple
and powerful with very little show of
private emotion.
Sculptures from the
Classical Period
Greek Sculptures
 EarlyGreek sculptures were tense and stiff, their bodies
were hidden within enfolding robes. After three centuries of
experiments, Greek sculptures had finally evolved and
showed all the points of human anatomy and proportion.
 One of the most popular styles of the Greek sculptures was
the Hellenistic style. Hellenistic denotes a preference in
sculpture for more elaborated patterns, mannered
arrangement of figures and groups, and an emphasis on the
representation of movement for dramatic effects.
Myron; The Discobulus,
450 BC
Image from Treasures of the World,
1961 CCP Library

Shows an attitude of
maximum tension, full of
compressed energy, and
about to explode an action.
Roman Sculptures
 MostRoman sculptures are made of monumental terra-
cotta. They did not attempt to compete with the free
standing Greek works of history or mythology but
rather they produced reliefs in the Great Roman
triumphal columns with continuous narrative reliefs
around.
The Portonacio Sarcophagus
between 180-190 BCE
Museu Nationale Romano
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP
Library
- Used for the burial of Roman
General involved in the
campaign of Marcus Aurellius
- The best known and most
elaborate of all “sarcophagus”(It
is a box-liked funeral receptacle
for a dead body. Comes from a
Greek word “sarx” meaning flesh
and “phagein” meaning “to eat”)
Sarcopagus, from
cervetiri, c. 520 BCE,
Museo Nazionale de Villa
Giulia, Rome
Image from Treasures of the World,
1961 CCP Library
-Made of Terra Cotta
- length 6’7” (2.06 m)
- a husband and wife are
shown reclining comfortably,
as if they were on a couch.
 Byzantine Sculptures
 The dominant themes in Byzantine sculptures are
religious, everyday life scenes, and motifs from
nature.
 Animals were used as symbols (dove, deer, peafowl)
while some had acrostic signs (form of writing in
which taking the first letter; syllable or word of
different lines and putting them together it can be
read a message) that contained a great theological
significance.
The Barberini Diptych
-an early example of Byzantine
Ivory work
 Romanesque Sculptures
 Some of the famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries,
altar frontals, crucifixes, and devotional images. Small
individual works of art were generally made of costly
materials for royal and aristocratic patrons.
 These lightweight devotional images were usually carried
in the processions both inside and outside the churches
Last Judgement, tymapnum
(an architectural element with
in the arch or pediment) of the
west portal,
Cathedral of Saint-Lazare,
Autun Burgundy France,
c. 1120-35 by Gislebertus
 Gothic Sculptures
 Gothic sculptures have a greater freedom of style.
They no longer lay closely against the wall, but
begun to project outward.
 Figures were given their own particular attitudes
instead of being set into particular patterns and are
more lively and realistic.
Resurrection of the Virgin,
end of the 12th century Cathedral Amiens
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
ASSESSMENT
DIRECTIONS:
1/4
 Identify
distinct characteristics of arts during the
different art periods.
 Write
Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine,
Romanesque, Gothic.
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS

CLEARLY – Yung malinaw. Hindi katulad
ng feelings niya sayo na MAGULO NA!
MALABO PA!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

2. NO ERASURES – Mag isip kang

mabuti, kaya ka naloloko eh, Siya
na nga yung RIGHT ONE, PINALITAN
MO PA!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

3. FINISH EACH QUESTION IN

20 SECONDS – Alam mo dapat
kelan ka susuko. Pag TAPOS NA,
TAPOS NA!
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

4. DO NOT CHEAT – Huwag tumulad

sa ex mong akala mo LOYAL sayo,
paiyak iyak pa nung nag break kayo
pero kinabukasan may bago ng IBA.
“IF YOU THINK YOU CAN,
YOU CAN. AND IF YOU
THINK YOU CAN’T, YOUR
RIGHT”
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2.
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9.
10.
Architecture from the
Early Age
Pre-Historic Architecture
 Man has developed a form of architecture based on
megaliths (a big rock) from the Greek word lithos
(stone) and megas (big). This architecture is made
of huge stone blocks which were probably intended
for burial.
 Megalithicmonuments have always ignited man’s
imagination. It provided plenty of legends and
superstition. During this era, stones and rocks were
associated with divinity.
Three main types of megalith
stones:

Menhir

Dolmens

Cromlech
1. Menhir
-a huge stone standing
vertically on the
ground, usually
standing in the middle
of the field or
arranged in rows.
 2. Dolmens
-the word dolmen originated
from the expression taolmaen,
which means “stone table”.
These structures are in a form
of table consisting of two Huge
standing stones supporting a
horizontal giant stone. It is
believed that it served as grave
or as an altar.
3. Cromlech
-a Brythonic word
where “crom”
meansbent or curved
and “llech” which
means slab or
flagstones. Literary it is
a circle of standing
stones.
 Stonehenge
 best preserved megalithic site in Europe, a group of stones
arranged in concentric circles, with a large external circle
of triliths, two internal circles built in a similar manner
and altar-shape stone in the center.
 Itis a temple where rituals were held. The structure and
the movement of the sun in the sky has a relationship in
terms of identifying the change of the seasons which
helped the primitive man on their rituals and on their
agricultural practices
Egyptian Architecture
Egyptian Architecture
 Thisarchitectural style was developed
during the pre-dynastic period
4,000BC.
 Characteristics of Egyptian
Architecture:
 1.
The structure has thick sloping walls with few
openings to obtain stability.
 2.The exterior and interior walls along with columns
and piers were covered with hieroglyphics and pictorial
frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors.
 3.Ornamentations were symbolic including scarab
(sacred beetle), solar disk and vulture, common motifs
(palm leaves, buds, flower of lotus, and papyrus plants)
 4.Temples were aligned with astronomically
significant events like solstices (comes from the
Latin word Sol, meaning sun and stitium meaning
stoppage, as the sun appears to stand still on the
first day of winter) and equinox (a time or date
when day and night are of equal length) with
precise measurements required in determining
the moment of that particular event.
 Pyramids of Giza
 It is the most substantial ancient
structure of the world. The three
pyramids are the funerary structures
of the three kings of the fourth
dynasty (2575 to 2465 BC) namely:
 Khufu (Cheops) whom the Great
Pyramid was attributed to; Khafa
(Chepren)whom the pyramid next to
the Great Pyramid is attributed; and
the smallest is attributed to
Menkaura (Mycerinus).
 Egyptian Temples were built to serve as places of residence
for the gods. They also served as key centers for economic
activity. Ancient temples were made of perishables
materials like wood, reed matting and mud brick. Their
walls were covered with scenes that were carved onto the
stone then brightly painted. Pharaoh fighting in the battles
and performing rituals with the gods were the scenes found
on the walls.
Mastaba
It is a type of Egyptian
tomb in the form of a
flat-roofed,
rectangular structure
with outward sloping
sides. It was made of
mud-bricks or stone.
Greek Architecture
Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in
an aisle surrounded by rows of columns.

These buildings were designed in one of three

architectural style or orders:

DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN

 The Parthenon
 447-432 BC, Athens
 TheGreatest Classical temple,
ingeniously engineered to
correct an optical illusion. The
columns were slightly
contorted, swollen at the center
and leaning inward to correct
what would otherwise have
been an impression of deadness
and top heaviness.
Roman Architecture
Roman Architecture
 Theybuilt sturdy stone structures both for use and to
perpetuate their glory.
 Theemperors erected huge halls and arenas for public
games, baths and procession. They built them of
gigantic arches of stone, bricks and concrete or with
barrel vaults.
The Colosseum, AD 70-82, Rome
Byzantine Architecture

 Ithas a lot in common with the early Christian

architecture. Mosaic decoration was perfected
by the Byzantines, as was the use of clerestory
to bring light in from high windows.
 Byzantine'sadvancement in developing the
dome created a new style in global
architecture.
Hagia Sophia. Istanbul, 537 BC
Hagia Sophia means “Holy
Wisdom”. It narrates how a
magnificent construction
transformed from being a church,
into a mosque and what is now
known as the Hagia Sophia
museum.

One of the biggest domes ever

created with 108 feet in diameter
and because of its grand size it can
still be seen from miles away.
Romanesque Architecture
Romanesque Architecture

 Romanesque architecture displayed solid masonry walls,

rounded arches and masonry vaults. It is the period of
great building activities in Europe, castles, churches,
monasteries arose everywhere.
 Thedoorways of Romanesque’s churches are often
grand sculptured portals. Wood or metal doors are
surrounded by elaborate stone sculpture arranged in
zones to fit architectural elements.
 Thegroin-vaulted crypt
of Worcester Cathedral
Gothic Architecture
 This design included two new devices:
 Pointed arch which enabled builders to construct much
higher ceiling vaults and stone vaulting borne on a
network of stone ribs supported by piers and clustered
pillars.
 Cathedral of Chartres
 also
known as the Notre dame
Cathedral (1145- 1260)
- Has rich architecture and design
- Splendid stained glass windows
- Thousands of sculptured figures
Quiz in other ppt thanks