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Judgement and Proposition

Judgement is the second division of logic and involves mentally affirming or denying something. It uses propositions, which are external signs of judgement that assert or deny facts about reality. A proposition consists of a subject and predicate joined by a copula to form a statement that can be true or false, such as "The lady is beautiful". Propositions are one of the four types of sentences, along with imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory.

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176 views8 pages

Judgement and Proposition

Judgement is the second division of logic and involves mentally affirming or denying something. It uses propositions, which are external signs of judgement that assert or deny facts about reality. A proposition consists of a subject and predicate joined by a copula to form a statement that can be true or false, such as "The lady is beautiful". Propositions are one of the four types of sentences, along with imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory.

Uploaded by

Alyssa Ricafort
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JUDGEMEN

T
and
PROPOSIT
ION
What is
Judgement?
o It is the second division in logic / second act of intellect.
o It comes from the infinitive verb of the Latin word “iudicare” or in English
“to judge”
o Which means a mental act which affirms or denies something.
o Uses the connective ‘or’ , not ‘and’.

Infinitive verb – is a verb with the word “to” in front of


it.
Connective – a word or group of words that joins two
or more propositions together to form a connective
proposition.
2
Components of
Judgement
⊷ The existence of two concepts: the subject and
the predicate.

⊷ The comparison of these two concepts:


manifests a process of knowing the relationship
existing two concepts.

⊷ The pronouncement agreement or


disagreement: embodies the principle behind the
true essence of judgement.
3
Example:
The term “lady” and the term “beautiful “ are neither
true or false.

But when intellect compares these two terms and


expresses whether they agree or disagree in a
statement, then we can say whether the statement is
true or false.

Thus, the sentence “The lady is beautiful” could now be


said to be true or false.

The intellect making judgement therefore either affirms


or denies.
4
What is
Proposition?
o Is an external sign of a judgement.
o It is a sentence that affirms or denies something about
a certainty reality or object.
o A declarative sentence.
o It is an assertive or denial; positive or negative; true or
false.
Example:
“Love has four letters”
 This example affirms the fact that “love” really has four
letters, and this becomes logical statement or proposition.

5
In English grammar there are four kinds of
sentences.
Declarative or Imperativ
Proposition
 It is one that states a  e one that gives a
It is
fact. command or request.
It asserts or denies
something.
Example: Example:
Logic is the science and act of correct Please closed the door
reasoning. gently.

Interrogat Exclamatory
ive
 It is one that asks a  It is one that
question. expresses a strong
Example: feeling.
Example:
When is your What an awesome God he has!
birthday?

6
Elements of a Logical
Statement
SUBJECT
(S)

A term which is to COPUL


be affirmed or PREDICAT
A
denied. E
Is the one who is
joining the subject (P)
Joins, unites or and the predicate. Is that which is to be
“copulates” affirmed or denied
- is, am & are of the subject.
(negative
copula) -is not, am not &are
Separates or not
7 divides
Example:

“A dog is an “A dog is not a


animal” cat”

Dogs

DOG CAT
Pigs ANIMAL Birds

Rats

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