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COAL Presentation

The document discusses direct memory access (DMA) in a computer system. It provides an overview of DMA and how it works, including implementing DMA with a controller, the internal configuration of a DMA controller with registers, the process of DMA transfer, different DMA transfer modes, and how the CPU interacts with DMA. A DMA controller allows I/O devices to access main memory directly without intervention from the CPU, improving data transfer speeds. It works by taking control of the system bus from the CPU and using its registers to specify the memory address, transfer size, and initiate the transfer.

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Rai Hessy
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53 views

COAL Presentation

The document discusses direct memory access (DMA) in a computer system. It provides an overview of DMA and how it works, including implementing DMA with a controller, the internal configuration of a DMA controller with registers, the process of DMA transfer, different DMA transfer modes, and how the CPU interacts with DMA. A DMA controller allows I/O devices to access main memory directly without intervention from the CPU, improving data transfer speeds. It works by taking control of the system bus from the CPU and using its registers to specify the memory address, transfer size, and initiate the transfer.

Uploaded by

Rai Hessy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIRECT MEMORY

ACCESS

Muhammad Aqeel FA18-MCS-017


Saba Tariq FA18-MCS-026
Shumaila Najmi FA18-MCS-047
Aamir Sohail FA18-MCS-046
Sadeem ur Rehman SP15-BSE-032
OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Implementing DMA in a computer system
 Data transfer using DMA controller
 Internal configuration of a DMA controller
 Process of DMA transfer
 DMA transfer modes
 Modification of the CPU to work with
DMA
 Summary
Direct Memory Access
 Introduction

An important aspect governing the Computer


System performance is the transfer of data
between memory and I/O devices.
The operation involves loading programs or data
files from disk into memory, saving file on disk,
and accessing virtual memory pages on any
secondary storage medium.
Computer System with DMA
Internal Configuration

 The DMA controller includes several registers :-


• The DMA Address Register contains the memory
address to be used in the data transfer. The CPU
treats this signal as one or more output ports.
• The DMA Count Register, also called Word Count
Register, contains the no. of bytes of data to be
transferred. Like the DMA address register, it too is
treated as an O/P port (with a diff. Address) by the
CPU.
• The DMA Control Register accepts commands from
the CPU. It is also treated as an O/P port by the
CPU.
Computer System with DMA
DMA Function
 Normally, the CPU is the only controller of the BUS
 Reads / Writes of Data to memory
 Read/Writes of Data/Status to I/O Devices

 DMA controller(s) takes over Bus control from CPU for I/O
- Requires permission from Bus Controller (usually the CPU)
 Suspends the CPU while it reads/writes data, or
Cycle steals – uses BUS when it is not going to be utilized
allowing the CPU to continue working
(Note: this is different from Stallings’ definition)
 Can read/write one word per DMA or
a whole Block
- Gives BUS back when finished
- Typically interrupts the CPU when DMA is complete

 DMA requires an additional Module(s) attached to bus to provide BUS


supervision when it is in control
Typical DMA Module Organization
DMA Configurations (1)

 Single Bus, Detached DMA controller

 Each transfer uses bus twice


 I/O to DMA then
 DMA to memory

CPU is suspended twice


DMA and Interrupt Breakpoints
During an Instruction Cycle
Thank You

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