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Cyber Law and Security: UNIT-3

The document provides an overview of unit 3 of a cyber law and security course. It discusses topics that will be covered, including cyber law, cyber forensics, online scams, cyber security roles and responsibilities, and career opportunities in cyber security. It also outlines the systems development life cycle approach to implementing security and the phases of investigation, analysis, logical design, and physical design.

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Vishal Gupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
174 views

Cyber Law and Security: UNIT-3

The document provides an overview of unit 3 of a cyber law and security course. It discusses topics that will be covered, including cyber law, cyber forensics, online scams, cyber security roles and responsibilities, and career opportunities in cyber security. It also outlines the systems development life cycle approach to implementing security and the phases of investigation, analysis, logical design, and physical design.

Uploaded by

Vishal Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 48

UNIT-3

CYBER LAW AND SECURITY

CSO-390
Prepared by:
Er. Randeep Kaur
Teaching Assistant
Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of this chapter you should be
able to:
– Understand what information security is and how it
came to mean what it does today.
– Comprehend the history of computer security and
how it evolved into information security.
– Understand the key terms and critical concepts of
information security as presented in the chapter.
– Outline the phases of the security systems
development life cycle.
– Understand the role professionals involved in
information security in an organizational structure.

Slide 2
UNIT 3 SYLLABUS
 Cyber Law: Need of Cyber Laws, Advantages of Cyber Laws,
The Indian IT Act, Challenges to Indian Law and Cybercrime
Scenario in India, Cyber Forensics, Need of Cyber Forensics,
Online Scams:
 Scam No. 1 – Foreign Country Visit Bait
 Scam No. 2 – Lottery Scam
 Scam No. 3 – Fake Job Offer Scam
 Cyber security: Roles and Responsibilities of IT Security
Organization, Career in cyber security, Assurance and
Compliance Security Audit, Types of Assurance and
Compliance, Network Security, Computer Forensics, Cyber
security Certifications.

Slide 3
What Is Information
Security?
Information security in today’s enterprise
is a “well-informed sense of assurance
that the information risks and controls are
in balance.” –Jim Anderson, Inovant
(2002)

Slide 4
The History Of Information
Security

 Computer security began immediately after the first


mainframes were developed
 Groups developing code-breaking computations during
World War II created the first modern computers
 Physical controls were needed to limit access to
authorized personnel to sensitive military locations
 Only rudimentary controls were available to defend
against physical theft, espionage, and sabotage

Slide 5
Figure 1-1 – The Enigma

Slide 6
The 1960s
Department of Defense’s Advanced
Research Project Agency (ARPA) began
examining the feasibility of a redundant
networked communications
Larry Roberts developed the project from
its inception

Slide 7
Figure 1-2 - ARPANET

Slide 8
The 1970s and 80s
 ARPANET grew in popularity as did its potential
for misuse
 Fundamental problems with ARPANET security
were identified
– No safety procedures for dial-up connections to the
ARPANET
– User identification and authorization to the system
were non-existent
 In the late 1970s the microprocessor expanded
computing capabilities and security threats

Slide 9
R-609 – The Start of the Study of
Computer Security
Information Security began with Rand
Report R-609
The scope of computer security grew from
physical security to include:
– Safety of the data
– Limiting unauthorized access to that data
– Involvement of personnel from multiple levels
of the organization

Slide 10
The 1990s
Networks of computers became more
common, so too did the need to
interconnect the networks
Resulted in the Internet, the first
manifestation of a global network of
networks
In early Internet deployments, security
was treated as a low priority

Slide 11
The Present
The Internet has brought millions of
computer networks into communication
with each other – many of them
unsecured
Ability to secure each now influenced by
the security on every computer to which it
is connected

Slide 12
What Is Security?
 “The quality or state of being secure--to be free
from danger”
 To be protected from adversaries
 A successful organization should have multiple
layers of security in place:
– Physical security
– Personal security
– Operations security
– Communications security
– Network security

Slide 13
What Is Information
Security?
 The protection of information and its critical
elements, including the systems and hardware
that use, store, and transmit that information
 Tools, such as policy, awareness, training,
education, and technology are necessary
 The C.I.A. triangle was the standard based on
confidentiality, integrity, and availability
 The C.I.A. triangle has expanded into a list of
critical characteristics of information

Slide 14
Critical Characteristics Of
Information
The value of information comes from the
characteristics it possesses.
– Availability
– Accuracy
– Authenticity
– Confidentiality
– Integrity
– Utility
– Possession
Slide 15
Figure 1-3 – NSTISSC
Security Model

Slide 16
Components of an
Information System

 To fully understand the importance of


information security, you need to know the
elements of an information system

 An Information System (IS) is much more than


computer hardware; it is the entire set of
software, hardware, data, people, and
procedures necessary to use information as a
resource in the organization

Slide 17
Securing the Components
The computer can be either or both the
subject of an attack and/or the object of
an attack
When a computer is
– the subject of an attack, it is used as an
active tool to conduct the attack
– the object of an attack, it is the entity being
attacked

Slide 18
Figure 1-5 – Subject and
Object of Attack

Slide 19
Balancing Security and
Access
It is impossible to obtain perfect security -
it is not an absolute; it is a process
Security should be considered a balance
between protection and availability
To achieve balance, the level of security
must allow reasonable access, yet protect
against threats

Slide 20
Figure 1-6 – Balancing
Security and Access

Slide 21
Bottom Up Approach
Security from a grass-roots effort -
systems administrators attempt to
improve the security of their systems
Key advantage - technical expertise of the
individual administrators
Seldom works, as it lacks a number of
critical features:
– participant support
– organizational staying power
Slide 22
Figure 1-7 – Approaches to
Security Implementation

Slide 23
Top-down Approach
 Initiated by upper management:
– issue policy, procedures, and processes
– dictate the goals and expected outcomes of the project
– determine who is accountable for each of the required
actions
 This approach has strong upper management
support, a dedicated champion, dedicated funding,
clear planning, and the chance to influence
organizational culture
 May also involve a formal development strategy
referred to as a systems development life cycle
– Most successful top-down approach

Slide 24
The Systems Development
Life Cycle
Information security must be managed in
a manner similar to any other major
system implemented in the organization
Using a methodology
– ensures a rigorous process
– avoids missing steps
The goal is creating a comprehensive
security posture/program

Slide 25
Figure 1-8 – SDLC Waterfall
Methodology

Slide 26
SDLC and the SecSDLC
The SecSDLC may be
– event-driven - started in response to some
occurrence or
– plan-driven - as a result of a carefully
developed implementation strategy
At the end of each phase comes a
structured review

Slide 27
Investigation
What is the problem the system is being
developed to solve?
– The objectives, constraints, and scope of the
project are specified
– A preliminary cost/benefit analysis is
developed
– A feasibility analysis is performed to
assesses the economic, technical, and
behavioral feasibilities of the process

Slide 28
Analysis

 Consists primarily of
– assessments of the organization
– the status of current systems
– capability to support the proposed systems
 Analysts begin to determine
– what the new system is expected to do
– how the new system will interact with existing systems
 Ends with the documentation of the findings and
a feasibility analysis update

Slide 29
Logical Design
 Based on business need, applications are
selected capable of providing needed services
 Based on applications needed, data support
and structures capable of providing the needed
inputs are identified
 Finally, based on all of the above, select specific
ways to implement the physical solution are
chosen
 At the end, another feasibility analysis is
performed

Slide 30
Physical Design
Specific technologies are selected to
support the alternatives identified and
evaluated in the logical design
Selected components are evaluated
based on a make-or-buy decision
Entire solution is presented to the end-
user representatives for approval

Slide 31
Implementation
Components are ordered, received,
assembled, and tested
Users are trained and documentation
created
Users are then presented with the system
for a performance review and acceptance
test

Slide 32
Maintenance and Change
Tasks necessary to support and modify
the system for the remainder of its useful
life
The life cycle continues until the process
begins again from the investigation phase
When the current system can no longer
support the mission of the organization, a
new project is implemented

Slide 33
Security Systems
Development Life Cycle
The same phases used in the traditional
SDLC adapted to support the specialized
implementation of a security project
Basic process is identification of threats
and controls to counter them
The SecSDLC is a coherent program
rather than a series of random, seemingly
unconnected actions

Slide 34
Investigation
Identifies process, outcomes and goals of
the project, and constraints
Begins with a statement of program
security policy
Teams are organized, problems analyzed,
and scope defined, including objectives,
and constraints not covered in the program
policy
An organizational feasibility analysis is
performed
Slide 35
Analysis
Analysis of existing security policies or
programs, along with documented current
threats and associated controls
Includes an analysis of relevant legal
issues that could impact the design of the
security solution
The risk management task (identifying,
assessing, and evaluating the levels of
risk) also begins
Slide 36
Logical & Physical Design
 Creates blueprints for security
 Critical planning and feasibility analyses to
determine whether or not the project should
continue
 In physical design, security technology is
evaluated, alternatives generated, and final
design selected
 At end of phase, feasibility study determines
readiness so all parties involved have a chance
to approve the project

Slide 37
Implementation
The security solutions are acquired (made
or bought), tested, and implemented, and
tested again
Personnel issues are evaluated and
specific training and education programs
conducted
Finally, the entire tested package is
presented to upper management for final
approval
Slide 38
Maintenance and Change
The maintenance and change phase is
perhaps most important, given the high
level of ingenuity in today’s threats
The reparation and restoration of
information is a constant duel with an
often unseen adversary
As new threats emerge and old threats
evolve, the information security profile of
an organization requires constant
adaptation
Slide 39
Security Professionals and
the Organization
It takes a wide range of professionals to
support a diverse information security
program
To develop and execute specific security
policies and procedures, additional
administrative support and technical
expertise is required

Slide 40
Senior Management
 Chief Information Officer
– the senior technology officer
– primarily responsible for advising the senior
executive(s) for strategic planning
 Chief Information Security Officer
– responsible for the assessment, management, and
implementation of securing the information in the
organization
– may also be referred to as the Manager for Security,
the Security Administrator, or a similar title

Slide 41
Security Project Team
A number of individuals who are experienced in
one or multiple requirements of both the
technical and non-technical areas:
– The champion
– The team leader
– Security policy developers
– Risk assessment specialists
– Security professionals
– Systems administrators
– End users

Slide 42
Data Ownership
Data Owner - responsible for the security
and use of a particular set of information
Data Custodian - responsible for the
storage, maintenance, and protection of
the information
Data Users - the end systems users who
work with the information to perform their
daily jobs supporting the mission of the
organization
Slide 43
Communities Of Interest
Each organization develops and
maintains its own unique culture and
values. Within that corporate culture,
there are communities of interest:
– Information Security Management and
Professionals
– Information Technology Management and
Professionals
– Organizational Management and
Professionals

Slide 44
Information Security: Is It
an Art or a Science?
With the level of complexity in today’s
information systems, the implementation
of information security has often been
described as a combination of art and
science

Slide 45
Security as Art
No hard and fast rules nor are there many
universally accepted complete solutions
No magic user’s manual for the security of
the entire system
Complex levels of interaction between
users, policy, and technology controls

Slide 46
Security as Science
Dealing with technology designed to
perform at high levels of performance
Specific conditions cause virtually all
actions that occur in computer systems
Almost every fault, security hole, and
systems malfunction is a result of the
interaction of specific hardware and
software
If the developers had sufficient time, they
could resolve and eliminate these faults
Slide 47
Security as a Social
Science
Social science examines the behavior of
individuals interacting with systems
Security begins and ends with the people
that interact with the system
End users may be the weakest link in the
security chain
Security administrators can greatly reduce
the levels of risk caused by end users, and
create more acceptable and supportable
security profiles
Slide 48

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