Scribd
Upload
71 views8 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction To Engineering Economy

Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Fugacity of gas at 500 K and 30 bar f = zP z = 1 - 0.01(30) = 0.7 f = 0.7(30) = 21 bar b) Liquid fugacity at 500 K and 30 bar (equilibrium) fl = fv = 21 bar c) Liquid fugacity at 500 K and 60 bar fl = 21 bar (since liquid is in equilibrium with gas at 21 bar) So in summary, the liquid fugacity remains at 21 bar regardless of the actual pressure, as long as the liquid and gas are in equilibrium.

Uploaded by

Jason Adia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views8 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction To Engineering Economy

Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Fugacity of gas at 500 K and 30 bar f = zP z = 1 - 0.01(30) = 0.7 f = 0.7(30) = 21 bar b) Liquid fugacity at 500 K and 30 bar (equilibrium) fl = fv = 21 bar c) Liquid fugacity at 500 K and 60 bar fl = 21 bar (since liquid is in equilibrium with gas at 21 bar) So in summary, the liquid fugacity remains at 21 bar regardless of the actual pressure, as long as the liquid and gas are in equilibrium.

Uploaded by

Jason Adia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

SECOND LAW OF

THERMODYNAMICS
REAL GASES & FUGACITY
• Consider the pressure dependence of the chemical potential of a real
gas. To adapt to the case of a real gas, we replace the pressure, f,
called the fugacity
• µ = µo + RT ln
• Fugacity, from Latin for “fleetness”; refers to the “tendency to
escape”. Fugacity has the same units’ pressure, and is a bit of a “fudge
factor” for treating as real gases. In physical chemistry, since many
properties of materials are derived from chemical potentials, fugacities
are used to describe pressures.
• As P → 0, μ coincides with a perfect gas. At intermediate p, attractive
forces dominate (f < P), and at high pressures, repulsion gives f > P.
FUGACITY

Consider this two phases not in equilibrium.

α Phase
CA = 0.0007 kg/L

β Phase
CA = 1 kg/L

What is the direction of mass transfer?


Constant Temperature
dG = VdP
Ideal Gas
dGig = RT dP = RT dP
P P
dGig = RTdlnP
Real Gas
dGreal = RTdlnf
Ideal Gas (Fugacity)
ln (f/P) = ∫p0 (z-1) dp / P
Liquid
fv = Psat
fl = Psat
• Liquid (P > Psat)

f = fsat [V( P - Psat) / RT]


FUGACITY VS. PRESSURE

• Fugacity is written as: f = ɸP


• where ɸ is the dimensionless fugacity coefficient, which depends on
the nature of the gas, the temperature and the pressure. Thus,
• µ = µo + RT ln + RT ln ɸ
• where μo refers to the standard state gas influenced only by kinetic
energy. The second term describes the perfect gas, and the third term
expresses the effect of the molecular forces of a real gas: all gases
become perfect as p approaches 0, so f → P as P → 0, and ɸ → 1 as P
→ 0.
• where Z = PV /nRT = PVm/RT is the compression factor of the gas.
FUGACITY SUMMARY

Most gases:
• Z < 1 at moderate pressures, attractive forces
• Z > 1 at higher pressures, repulsive forces

Z < 1, moderate p Z > 1, high p


ln ɸ = < 0 ln ɸ = > 0
f < p f > p
μ < μo μ > μo
particles stick together“escape particles driven apart “escape
tendency” lessened tendency” heightened
Fugacity Calculation

a) Calculate the fugacity of a pure gas at 500 K and 30 bar.


b) Supposed pure liquid is in equilibrium with the gas at 500 K
and 30 bar. Calculate the liquid fugacity.
c) Calculate the liquid fugacity at 500 K and 60 bar.

Data:
Vliq = 25 cm3/ mol
Compressibility factor of gas between 0 and 30 bar
z = 1.0 - 0.01 P

You might also like