Sample Problem #5

 A ball is thrown vertically into the air with an

initial velocity of 4 m/s.
 How high does the ball rise?
 How long does it take to reach its highest point?

 If the ball is caught in the same spot from which it

was thrown, what is the total amount of time that it
was in the air?
 What is its velocity just before it is caught?

1
 How high does the ball rise?

 HINT: draw a picture and label it

End
Vf = 0 m/s

d= ?

Begin
Vi = 4 m/s

2
 How high does the ball rise?
 G: a = -9.8 m/s2 (notice the negative sign, ball moving upward)
Vi = 4 m/s
Vf = 0 m/s (at the top, before it starts to fall, it stops)
U: d = ?
E: 2ad = Vf2 – Vi2, (solve for d) d = Vf2 – Vi2
2a
S: d = 02 – (4 m/s)2
2(-9.8 m/s2 )
S: d = 0.816 m
3
How long does it take to reach its highest
point?
G: a = -9.8 m/s2 U: t = ?
Vi = 4 m/s
Vf = 0 m/s
d = 0.816 m
E: Vf = Vi + at, (solve for t) t = Vf – Vi
a
S: t = 0 m/s – 4 m/s
(-9.8 m/s2)
S:
4
t = 0.408 s
 If the ball is caught in the same spot from
which it was thrown, what is the total
amount of time that it was in the air?

G: a = 9.8 m/s2 (ball going down, positive) U: t = ?

Vi = 4 m/s
Vf = 0 m/s
d = 0.816 m
E: d = Vit + ½ at2 ; derived to d = ½ gt2, solve for t…
t2 = (2d)/g
S: t2 = (2)(0.816 m)/(9.8 m/s2) *don’t forget to take the square root
S: t = 0.408s
Total time = time Going up + time going down
Total time = 0.408s +0.408s = 0.816s
5
 What is its velocity just before it is
caught?
 G: a = 9.8 m/s2 (ball moving down before it is caught)
Vi = 0 m/s
d = 0.816 m
t = 0.408 s
U: Vf = ?
E: 2ad = Vf2 – Vi2, (solve for V ) Vf2 = 2ad + Vi2
f

S: Vf2 = 2(9.8 m/s2 )(0.816 m) + 02

S: Vf = 3.99 or 4 m/s
6
Projectile Motion
 Projectile Motion
The Law of Compound Motion

When an object is moving in multiple

directions, the motion in one dimension
has no effect on motion in another
dimension.
What is projectile?

Projectile -Any object which projected by some

means and continues to move due to its own
inertia (mass).
 Projectile Motion
This is motion that occurs in two dimensions:
Horizontal motion is at constant velocity
Vertical motion is accelerated by gravity
 Projectile Motion

When projectiles are launched at an angle,

the initial velocity has a horizontal and a
vertical component.
v
vy

vx
 Projectile Motion

The path of the cannon ball is in the shape

of a parabola. The dimensions of the
parabola are determined by the magnitude
of the vx and vy components.

vy

vx
 Projectile Motion

If the angle of launch is high, velocity vy is

much greater than velocity vx. The cannon
ball goes higher in the air, but does not go
as far.
vy

vx
 Projectile Motion

If the angle of launch is low, velocity vx is

much greater than velocity vy. The cannon
ball goes farther, but does not go as high.

vy

vx
visual
Projectile Motion
 The equations of 1-D motion still apply (dx
= vxt and dy = ½ayt2)
 NEVER mix x- and y-components in the
same equation
DON’T MIX
 Time is the only scalar quantity in these
equations
 ONLY time can be used to tie x- and y-
components together
Projectiles move in TWO dimensions
Since a projectile
moves in 2-
dimensions, it
therefore has 2
components just
like a resultant
vector.
 Horizontal and
Vertical
Horizontal “Velocity” Component

 NEVER changes, covers equal displacements in

equal time periods. This means the initial
horizontal velocity equals the final horizontal
velocity

In other words, the horizontal

velocity is CONSTANT. BUT
WHY?

Gravity DOES NOT work

horizontally to increase or
decrease the velocity.
Vertical “Velocity” Component
 Changes (due to gravity), does NOT cover
equal displacements in equal time periods.

Both the MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION change. As

the projectile moves up the MAGNITUDE
DECREASES and its direction is UPWARD. As it
moves down the MAGNITUDE INCREASES and the
direction is DOWNWARD.
Combining the Components
Together, these
components produce
what is called a
trajectory or path. This
path is parabolic in
nature.

Component Magnitude Direction

Horizontal Constant Constant
Vertical Changes Changes
 Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Projectiles which have NO upward trajectory and NO initial
VERTICAL velocity.
vox  vx  constant

voy  0 m / s
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
To analyze a projectile in 2 dimensions we need 2
equations. One for the “x” direction and one for
the “y” direction. And for this we use kinematic #2.

x  voxt  at
1 2
2
x  voxt y  1 gt 2
2
Remember, the velocity is Remember that since the
CONSTANT horizontally, so projectile is launched
that means the acceleration horizontally, the INITIAL
is ZERO! VERTICAL VELOCITY is
equal to ZERO.
What equations do we use?

Always analyze the x-direction

and y-direction separately
Projectile Motion
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Example: A plane traveling with What do I What I want to
a horizontal velocity of 100 know? know?
m/s is 500 m above the
ground. At some point the vox=100 m/s t=?
pilot decides to drop some
supplies to designated y = 500 m x=?
target below. (a) How long is
the drop in the air? (b) How voy= 0 m/s
far away from point where it
was launched will it land? g = -9.8 m/s/s

y  1 gt 2  500  1 (9.8)t 2
2 2
x  voxt  (100)(10.1)  1010 m
102.04  t 2  t  10.1 seconds
Example problem

 A soccer ball is kicked at 17.5 m/s at an angle

of 30° above the horizontal

1. What are the vertical and horizontal components

of the initial velocity?
2. How long (time) is the ball in the air?
3. What is the maximum height it reaches?
4. How far away does the ball land if no one
intercepts it?
Example problem

 A soccer ball is kicked at 17.5 m/s at an angle

of 20° above the horizontal

1. What are the vertical and horizontal components

of the initial velocity?
2. How long is the ball in the air?
3. What is the maximum height it reaches?
4. How far away does the ball land if no one
intercepts it?
Example problem
The following figure shows an airplane moving
horizontally with a constant velocity of 115 m/s at an
altitude of 1050 meters. The plane releases a care package
that falls to the ground along a curved trajectory.

Ignoring air resistance, determine

(1) The time required for the package to hit the ground
(2) How far East the package travels during its fall
(1) Determine the time is takes for the care
package to hit the ground
(2) How far to the East has it travelled
during its fall?
Vertically Launched Projectiles
NO Vertical Velocity at the top of the trajectory.

Vertical Vertical Velocity

Velocity increases on the
decreases way down,
on the way
upward Horizontal Velocity
is constant

Component Magnitude Direction

Horizontal Constant Constant
Vertical Decreases up, 0 Changes
@ top, Increases
down
Vertically Launched Projectiles
Since the projectile was launched at a angle, the
velocity MUST be broken into components!!!

vox  vo cos q
vo voy
voy  vo sin q
q
vox
Vertically Launched Projectiles
There are several
things you must
consider when doing
these types of
projectiles besides
using components. If
it begins and ends at
ground level, the “y”
displacement is
ZERO: y = 0
Vertically Launched Projectiles
You will still use kinematic #2, but YOU MUST use
COMPONENTS in the equation.

vo voy x  voxt y  voyt  1 gt 2

2
q
vox vox  vo cos q
voy  vo sin q
Example
A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of 20.0 m/s
and at an angle of 53 degrees.
(a) How long is the ball in the air?
(b) How far away does it land?
(c) How high does it travel?

vox  vo cos q
vox  20 cos 53  12.04 m / s
voy  vo sin q
q  53
voy  20sin 53  15.97 m / s
Example
A place kicker kicks a What I know What I want
football with a to know
velocity of 20.0 m/s vox=12.04 m/s t=?
and at an angle of 53 voy=15.97 m/s x=?
degrees.
y=0 ymax=?
(a) How long is the ball
in the air? g = - 9.8
m/s/s

y  voy t  1 gt 2  0  (15.97)t  4.9t 2

2
15.97t  4.9t  15.97  4.9t
2

t  3.26 s
Example

A place kicker kicks a What I know What I want

football with a to know
velocity of 20.0 m/s vox=12.04 m/s t = 3.26 s
and at an angle of 53 voy=15.97 m/s x=?
degrees. y=0 ymax=?
(b) How far away does it g = - 9.8
land? m/s/s

x  voxt  (12.04)(3.26)  39.24 m

Example
What I know What I want
to know
A place kicker kicks a vox=12.04 m/s t = 3.26 s
football with a velocity voy=15.97 m/s x = 39.24 m
of 20.0 m/s and at an
angle of 53 degrees. y=0 ymax=?
g = - 9.8
(c) How high does it m/s/s
travel?
y  voy t  1 gt 2
2
y  (15.97)(1.63)  4.9(1.63) 2
y  13.01 m