Scribd
Upload
144 views

Digital Logic & Design: Dr. Waseem Ikram

This lecture discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It covers converting between decimal and binary numbers using sum-of-weights or repeated division/multiplication by 2. Binary operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are explained along with signed binary numbers using 1's and 2's complement forms. The maximum ranges of unsigned and signed binary numbers are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Arslan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
144 views

Digital Logic & Design: Dr. Waseem Ikram

This lecture discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It covers converting between decimal and binary numbers using sum-of-weights or repeated division/multiplication by 2. Binary operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are explained along with signed binary numbers using 1's and 2's complement forms. The maximum ranges of unsigned and signed binary numbers are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Arslan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Digital Logic & Design

Dr. Waseem Ikram

Lecture 02
Recap

Last lecture discussion


 Decimal Number Systems

 Caveman Base 5 Number System

 Binary Number System

 Number System Conversion

Today’s lecture discussion


 Decimal-Binary Conversion
Binary to Decimal Conversion

 Sum-of-Weights
 Expression base number & weights

 Sum terms

 Paper and pencil method

 Sum of non-zero terms


 Mental Arithmetic, quick method

 Sum of weights of non-zero terms


Binary to Decimal Conversion

 Sum-of-Weights
 100112
 (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (1 x 21)
+ (1 x 20)
 Terms 16, 0, 0, 2 and 1
 19
Binary to Decimal Conversion

 Add weights of non-zero terms


 Weights increase/decrease by power of 2
 100112 = 16 + 2 + 1 = 19
 1011.1012 = 8 + 2 + 1 + 1/2 + 1/8
= 11 + 5/8
= 11.625
Decimal to Binary Conversion

 Sum-of-Weights method used in reverse


 Highest binary weight less than the decimal
number
 Subsequent smaller weights that add up to

decimal number
 Repeated division by 2
 Paper and pencil method

 Number repeatedly divided by 2


Decimal to Binary Conversion using Sum-of-
Weights
number Weight Result after subtraction Binary Bit
392 256 392-256 = 136 1 b8
136 128 136-128 = 8 1 b7
8 64 0 b6
8 32 0 b5
8 16 0 b4
8 8 8-8 =0 1 b3
0 4 0 b2
0 2 0 b1
0 1 0 b0
Decimal to Binary Conversion
number Quotient after division Remainder after division
392 196 0 (b0)
196 98 0 (b1)
98 49 0 (b2)
49 24 1 (b3)
24 12 0 (b4)
12 6 0 (b5)
6 3 0 (b6)
3 1 1 (b7)
1 0 1 (b8)
Binary-Decimal fraction conversion

 Binary to Decimal Conversion


 Sum-of-Weights method

 Weights decrease by a factor of 2

 0.11012 weights ½, ¼, 1/16

 Sum up to 0.8125

 Decimal to Binary Conversion


 Repeated Multiplication by 2

 example
Decimal-Binary fraction conversion

 Decimal to Binary Conversion


 Repeated multiplication by 2

Number Mult. By 2 Integer

0.8125 1.625 1 (b-1)


0.625 1.250 1 (b-2)
0.250 0.500 0 (b-3)
0.500 1.000 1 (b-4)
Binary Arithmetic

 Binary Addition
 Binary Subtraction
 Binary Multiplication
 Binary Division
Binary Addition
 Four Basic rules for binary addition

1st digit 2nd digit Sum Carry


0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1

 Addition of multiple binary numbers


Binary Addition

Carry 1 10 1
1st Number 1 0 1 1
2nd Number 1 1 0
3rd Number 1 0 0 0
4th Number 1 1
Result 1 1 1 0 0
Binary Subtraction

 Four Basic rules for binary subtraction

1st digit 2nd digit Difference Borrow


0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
Binary Subtraction

Borrow 1
1st Number 1 0 1 1
2nd Number 1 1 0
Result 1 0 1
Binary Multiplication

 Four Basic rules for binary multiplication

1st digit 2nd digit Product


0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

 Example of Binary Multiplication


Binary Multiplication

1101 (13)
x 101 (5)
1st product term 1101
2nd product term 0000
3rd product term 1101
Product 1000001 (65)
Multiplication by shifting left

 Decimal 29 shifted left by one digit


 290
 Shift left 1 digit is multiply by 10

 Binary 111012 (29) shifted left by one bit


 1110102 (58)
 Shift left 1 bit is multiply by 2
Binary Division

10
101 | 1101
101
011
000
11
Division by shifting right

 Decimal 29 shifted right by one digit


 2.9
 Shift left 1 digit is divide by 10

 Binary 111012 (29) shifted left by one bit


 1110.12 (14.5)
 Shift left 1 bit is divide by 2
Signed and Unsigned Numbers

 Unsigned Binary Numbers


 Signed Binary Numbers
 Most significant bit represents sign

 0 represents a positive number

 1 represents a negative number


2’s Complement form

 1’s complement form


 2’s complement form

Binary number 01101 (13)


1’s complement 10010
+ 1
2’s complement 10011 (-13)
Addition and Subtraction with 2’s
Complement

0101 +5 0101 +5
0010 +2 1110 -2
0111 +7 0011 +3

1011 -5 1011 -5
1110 -2 0010 +2
1001 -7 1101 -3
Range of Numbers

 Maximum Range
 Number of digits
 Decimal number example
 Binary number example
 Overflow
Range of Binary Numbers

Decimal Sign Magnitude 2’s Complement Unsigned


Number 2n-1, 2n-1 -1 2n-1, 2n-1 -1 2n, 2n - 1
0 0000 0000 000
1 0001 0001 001
2 0010 0010 010
3 0011 0011 011
4 0100 0100 100
5 0101 0101 101
6 0110 0110 110
7 0111 0111 111
Range of Binary Numbers

Decimal Sign Magnitude 2’s Complement Unsigned


Number 2n-1-1, -(2n-1 -1) 2n-1, -2n-1
-8 1000
-7 1111 1001
-6 1110 1010
-5 1101 1011
-4 1100 1100
-3 1011 1101
-2 1010 1110
-1 1001 1111
Summary

 Binary to Decimal Conversion


 Sum-of-Weights

 Sum of non-zero terms

 Decimal to Binary Conversion


 Sum-of-Weights (in reverse)

 Repeated Division by 2
Summary

 Binary to Decimal fraction conversion


 Sum-of-Weights

 Binary to Decimal fraction conversion


 Repeated Multiplication by 2
Summary

 Binary Addition
 Binary Subtraction
 Binary Multiplication
 Multiplication by shift left operation

 Binary Division
 Division by shift right operation
Summary

 Unsigned Binary
 Signed Binary
 Sign Bit

 2’s Complement
 1’s Complement
 Range of Binary Numbers
Lecture No. 2
Number Systems

You might also like