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Direct Variation: Whatisitandhowdoiknowwheniseeit?

Direct variation describes the relationship between two quantities where one quantity changes by the same factor as the other. It can be identified by looking at equations, tables, or graphs. A direct variation equation is of the form y=kx, where k is the constant of variation. A direct variation graph will be a straight line passing through the origin. As the independent variable increases, the dependent variable also increases proportionally.

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113 views

Direct Variation: Whatisitandhowdoiknowwheniseeit?

Direct variation describes the relationship between two quantities where one quantity changes by the same factor as the other. It can be identified by looking at equations, tables, or graphs. A direct variation equation is of the form y=kx, where k is the constant of variation. A direct variation graph will be a straight line passing through the origin. As the independent variable increases, the dependent variable also increases proportionally.

Uploaded by

saturnino corpuz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Direct Variation

What is it and how do I know when I see it?


What is a Direct Variation or a Direct
Proportion?
 Used to compare two values and
to see how one value affects the
other value
 When 1 quantity always changes
by the same factor (the
constant) as another, the 2
quantities are in direct
proportion. The 2 quantities
always have equivalent ratios
How do we find know if we have a
direct variation?
 Youcan look at:
1. EQUATIONS
2. TABLES
3. GRAPHS to see how two
values affect one another
Direct Variation Equations:
• Y varies directly as x means that y = kx
where k is the constant of variation.
y
• Another way of writing this is k =
x
• X is the independent variable
• Y is the dependent variable
• K is the constant of proportionality
Examples of Direct Variation
Equations (y = kx)…
y = 4x k = 4
y = x k = 1
y = 2x k = 2
y = 2.5x k = 2.5
y = ⅝x k = ⅝
y = 0.75x k = 0.75
Direct Variation & Tables of Values
You can make a table of values for “x”
and “y” and see how the values
behave. You could have a direct
variation if…

 As “x” increases in value, “y” also


increases in value
OR
 As “x” decreases in value, “y” also
decreases in value
Examples of Direct Variation:
Note: As “x” increases,
X Y
6 12 6,7,8
7 14 “y” also increases.
8 16
12, 14, 16
What is the constant of variation of the table above?
Start with the direct variation equation: y = kx
Pick one pair of x and y values and substitute into the equation
12 = k · 6 (this is a one-step equation, so solve for k)
12/6 = k → k=2
Now you can write the equation for this direct variation: y = 2x
Examples of Direct Variation:
Note: X decreases,
X Y 30, 15, 9
30 10 And Y decreases.
15 5
10, 5, 3
9 3
What is the constant of variation of the table above?
Start with the direct variation equation: y = kx
Pick one pair of x and y values and substitute into the equation
10 = k · 30 (this is a one-step equation, so solve for k)
10/30 = k → (simplify 10/30) → k = ⅓
Now you can write the equation for this direct variation: y = ⅓ · x
Is this a direct variation? If yes, give the
constant of variation (k) and the equation.
Yes!
y = kx
X Y •Pick an x & y pair and
4 6 substitute into the direct
8 12 variation equation to solve for k.
12 18 •Remember the constant must
hold true for every x,y pair
18 27
6=k·4
k = 6/4 = 3/2 = 1 ½
Therefore the equation for this
table is: y = 1 ½ · x
Is this a direct variation? If yes, give the
constant of variation (k) and the equation.
Yes!
y = kx
X Y * Pick an x & y pair and
10 25 substitute into the direct
6 15 variation equation & find k.
25 = k · 10
4 10 25/10 = k
2 5 5/2 or 2 ½ = k
* Remember the constant must
hold true for every x,y pair.
Therefore the equation for this
table is:
y=2½·x
Is this a direct variation? If yes, give the
constant of variation (k) and the equation.
No!

X Y If you look at the values in


the table, you should notice
15 5 as “x” decreases, “y”
3 26 increases, so you know you
1 75 CANNOT have a direct
variation!
2 150
Also, there is no constant of
proportionality. There is not
one number you multiply by
x to get y for each pair in the
table.
Which is the equation that describes the
following table of values?
1. y = -2x X Y
2. y = 2x 10 5
2 1
3. y= ½x 12 6
4. xy = 200 20 10

Answer
Now
Using Direct Variation to find unknowns (y = kx)
Given y varies directly with x, and y = 28 when x=7,
Find x when y = 52. HOW???

2 step process
1. Find the constant of variation X Y
y = kx → 28 = k · 7 7 28
(divide both sides by 7) ? 52
k=4
2. Use y = kx. Find the unknown (x).
Therefore:
52= 4x or 52/4 = x
X =13 when Y=52
x= 13
Using Direct Variation to find unknowns (y = kx)
Given that y varies directly with x, and y = 3 when x=9,
Find y when x = 40.5. HOW???
2 step process
1. Find the constant of variation.
X Y
Y = kx → 3=k·9 9 3
(divide both sides by 9) 40.5 ?
K = 3/9 = 1/3

2. Use y = kx. Find the unknown (x). Therefore:


y= (1/3)40.5 X =40.5 when
Y=13.5
y= 13.5
Real World Examples of Direct
Variation Situations…
 The more time I drive at a constant rate,
the more miles I go.
 If I increase a recipe for more people, the
more of an ingredient I need.
 The more hours I work, the more money I
make.
 The more CD’s I purchase, the more
money it costs.
 The less cheese I buy at the deli, the less
money I pay.
Using Direct Variation to solve word problems
Problem: Step One: Find points in table
A car uses 8 gallons of
gasoline to travel 290 X (gas) Y (miles)
miles. How much 8 290
gasoline will the car use ? 400
to travel 400 miles?

Step Two: Find the constant Step Three: Use the equation
of variation and equation: to find the unknown.
400 =36.25x
y = kx → 290 = k · 8 400 =36.25x
290/8 = k 36.25 36.25
or x = 11.03
y = 36.25 x
Using Direct Variation to solve word problems

Problem:
Step One: Find points in table.
Julio wages vary
directly as the number X(hours) Y(wages)
of hours that he works. 5 29.75
If his wages for 5 hours 30 ?
are $29.75, how much
will they be for 30 hours
Step Three: Use the equation
Step Two: Find the constant of to find the unknown.
variation. y = kx
y = 5.95 ·30
y = kx → 29.75 = k · 5 y = 178.50
k = 5.95
Direct Variation and Its Graph
Characteristics of Direct Proportion
Graph…
 The graph will always go through the
ORIGIN (point 0,0) on the coordinate
plane) & will be in Quadrants I and
III only (for this year we’re only
required to graph in Quadrant I – all
positive numbers)
 The graph will always be a straight
line
 As the “x” values increase, the “y”
value will also increase
Independent VS. Dependent
 The x-axis is the independent
variable; this means it does NOT
depend on the y value
 The y-axis is the dependent
variable; this means it DOES
depend on the x variable for its
value.
Example…
 You went on a hiking trip, and you
graphed your distances at various times
throughout your trip. As the time you
hiked increased, the distance traveled also
increased. The distance depends on the
time; therefore, the distance is the
dependent variable and it is graphed on
the y-axis (vertical). The time is
independent (time still goes on whether or
not the distance changes), so it is graphed
on the x-axis (horizontal).
Tell if the following graph is a Direct Variation or not.

No
No

No No
Tell if the following graph is a Direct Variation or not.

No Yes

Yes No

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