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Energy Audit Methodology: Fans, Pumps and Compressor

The document discusses methodology for conducting energy audits of fan, pump, and compressor systems. It provides details on types of fans, pumps, and compressors and formulas for calculating their power requirements and efficiencies. It also lists several energy conservation measures that can be implemented, such as installing variable speed drives, optimizing system design, and replacing old equipment with more efficient models.

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Rhen Jhing Lopez
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72 views

Energy Audit Methodology: Fans, Pumps and Compressor

The document discusses methodology for conducting energy audits of fan, pump, and compressor systems. It provides details on types of fans, pumps, and compressors and formulas for calculating their power requirements and efficiencies. It also lists several energy conservation measures that can be implemented, such as installing variable speed drives, optimizing system design, and replacing old equipment with more efficient models.

Uploaded by

Rhen Jhing Lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY

Fans, pumps and compressor


PUMPS
• PUMP SYSTEM COMPONENT
• Pumps
• Prime movers
• Piping
• Valves
• End –use equipment [Heat exchanger,Tanks
and Hydraulics equipment]
Pumps

• Centrifugal
• Positive displacement
Types of centrifugal pumps
• Radial flow
• Axial flow
• Mixed flow
Types of Positive Displacement Pumps
• Rotary pump
• Reciprocating pump
POWER REQUIREMENT AND
EFFICIENCY
Energy Conservation Measures
• Conduct water balance minimize water
consumption
• Avoid idle cooling water circulation in DG sets
• In multiple pump operation ,judicously mix the
operation of pumps and avoid throttling
• Have booster pump for few areas of higher head
• Replace old pumps by energy efficient pumps
• In the case of over design pump, provide variable
speed drive ,trim /replace impeller or replace
with correct sized pump
Energy Saving Opportunities
• Give efficiency of the pump due consideration
while selecting a pump
• Select pump to match head flow requirement
• Select a motor to match the load with high
efficiency
• Optimize the piping design
• Monitor all important system parameters
like:motor kW,pump head,flow temperature
• Use pumps in series and parallel so that mismatch
in system design or variation in operating
conditions can be handled properly
Energy Saving Opportunities
• Use variable speed drives for variation of flow
due to process requirement
• If the head flow is higher needed by 5 to 15%
(i)The existing impeller should be trimmed to
a smaller diameter, (ii)or a new impeller with a
small diameter is to be put.
• In multistage pumps ,add or removestages to
existing pump,allowing an increase /decrease
in delivered head of flow,if required
Fans and Blowers
Supplementary formulas

• The friction loss will vary as the square of the


capacity ratio Hf2=Hf1(Q2/Q1)^2
• The capacity varies as the square root of the
head of the liquid. Q2=Q1(H2/H1)^1/2
• The friction loss is inversely proportional to
the fifth power of the pipe diameter ratio.
Hf2=Hf1(D1/D2)^5
• The capacity of a pipe would vary as the 2.5
power of the diameter ratio Q2=Q1(D2/D1)
Sample problem 1
The following tables gives the centrifugal pumps details
Rated flow : 90 m^3/h
Rated head : 4.5 kg/cm^2
Motor rating pump : 37 kW

• Considering 65% pump efficiency and 85 %motor


efficiency
• (a)find out wheater the sizinf the drive is correct ?if
not what should be the size of the motor ?
• (b)If the above pump is drawing 18.5 kW and the
require head is 30m,the rated flow is 90 m^3 /h,
what should be the size of the new pump ?And what
would be the saving considering 70% pump
efficiency and 89% motor efficiency?
Solution
The liquid horse power of the pump is
Ph= Q(m^3/s)xTotal head,hd- hs(m)x p (kg/m^3) x
g(m/s^2) / 1000
= 90 x 4.5 x 10 x 9.81 / 3600 = 11.04 kW
Considering 65% pump efficiency and 85% motor
efficiency
The required power = 11.04 / 0.65 x 0.85
= 19.98 kW
Higher size motor has been choosen, which is incorrect The
reduced standard size motor for this pump would be in 22 kW
Solution
The measure parameters are:
Flow = 90 m^3/h
Head =3.0 kg /cm^2
Power = 18.5 kW
The operating efficiency of the pump is (considering 85% motor efficiency)
Pump output power = 90 x3.0 x 10 x 9.81
________________ = 8.65 kw
3600 x 0.85
Pump efficiency = (8.65/18.5)= 46.8%
The new sizing of the pump should be in 90 m^3/h, 30 m head considering pump
efficiency of 70%and motor efficiency of 89% the power consumption should
be: = 90 x 30 x 9.81 /3600 x 0.7 x 0.89 =11.8 kW
Existing power consumption : 18.5 kW
Proposed power consumption : 11.5 kW
Net savings = 6.7 kW
Fan system components

• Fans
• Prime movers
• Drive system
• Duct work or piping
• Air flow control device
• Air –conditioning and process equipment
(filters,Heat exchangers)
Definition
Fans- typically operate at pressure up to 2psi
Blowers- typically operate at pressure between 2psi and 20psi

• Fans
Centrifugal fans- have high pressure capability for
application such as boilers,baghouses,conveyors,and
sewage aerators
Centrifugal fan types
-Forward curved
-Backward inclined
-Radial blade
-Airfoil
Axial fans- have high volume for large duct size
ventilation application

Axial fan types


• Propeller
• tubeaxiaL
• Vaneaxial
formulas
• Air kW
• = flow in kg /sec x total head developed in meter ofair column x 9.81
______________________________________________________________
1000
Where head develop in meter of air column
= head develop in meter water column x density of water in kg/m^3
__________________________________________________________
density of air in kg/m^3
Combine efficiency = Air kW
_________ x 100
Input kW
Static fan efficiency % = flow in m^3/sec x total static pressure mm WC
__________________________________
102 x power input to the shaft in kW
Formulas

• Total pressures P1 =Static pressure Ps + velocity pressure


Pv
• Ps= Pso- Psi
• Pv= (PV)^2/2, Pa or
• Pv= (PV)^2/2g , mm WC
• P=density of the gas,1.2 kg /m^3 for air
• V= velocity of the gas ,m/s
Fan affinity laws
• Flow: Head
• Q2/Q1 =RPM2/RPM1 H2/H1= (RPM2)^2/(RPM1)^2
• Q2/100= 1750/3500 EXAMPLE
• Q2= 50 m^3/hr H2/100=1750^2/3500^2
• H2=25m
• KILOWATTS (Kw):
• kW2/kW1=(RPM2^3)/(RPM1^3)
• EXAMPLE

• kW2/=1750^3/3500^3
• Kw2= 0.625
Speed vs power
• %speed % Power
• 100 100
• 90 73
• 80 51
• 70 34
• 60 22
• 50 13
compressors
• Positive displacement
• Dynamics or centrifugal
• Components of compressed air system
• Intake filters
• Inter stage cooler
• Air dryers
• Moisture traps
• Recievers
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT DYNAMIC
1.RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR 1 .RADIAL COMPRESSOR
2.ROTARY COMPRESSOR 2.AXIAL COMPRESSOR
FORMULAS

• FREE AIR DELIVERY (FAD)


• Q=(P2-P1)/PO X V/T ,M^3/MIN
• P2=FINAL PRESSURE AFTER FILLING 9(Kg/CM^2a)
• P1=INITIAL PRESSURE (Kg/CM^2a)
• P0=ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
• V = STORAGE VOLUME IN m^3 WHICH INCLUDES
RECIEVER,AFTER COOLER AND DELIVER PIPING
• T= TIME TAKE TO BUILD UP PRESSURE TO P2 IN MINUTES

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