Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth” – Pablo

Picasso
FAUVISM
• Fauvism was a joyful style of
painting that delighted in using
bold colors.
• It was developed in France at
the beginning of the 20th
century by Henri Matisse and
André Derain.
• The artists who painted in this
style were known as 'Les
Fauves'.
• 'Les Fauves' believed that color
should be used at its highest
pitch to express the artist's
feelings about a subject, rather
than simply to describe what it
looks like.
• Fauvist paintings have two main
characteristics: extremely
simplified drawing and
intensely exaggerated color.
• Extremely simplified
• Intensely Exaggerated color
 Red Tower at Halle, Kirchner,
EXPRESSIONISM
1915
• The 'self expression' in the
art of Vincent Van Gogh and
Edvard Munch inspired
Expressionist artists in the
20th century.
• German Expressionism is a
style of art that is charged
with an emotional or
spiritual vision of the world.
Still from the 1920 film The Cabinet of Dr.
Caligari

Self Portrait with Horn,

Max Beckmann 1938-40
 ABSTRACT
• Abstract art attempts to shift
the focus to one or more of
those elements so the viewer
can witness those elements
Fugue in Two Colors, Frantisek Kupkain a new and unusual way
1912
that the viewer hasn't
witnessed before.
• The word 'abstract' means to
withdraw part of something
in order to consider it
separately.
• In Abstract art that
'something' is one or more
of the visual elements of a
subject: its line, shape, tone,
pattern, texture, or form.

There is no must in art, because art is free. Wassily

Kandinsky
 CUBISM Three Musicians, Picasso 1921

• Cubism was invented around

1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso
and Georges Braque.
• It was the first abstract style
of modern art.
• Cubist paintings ignore the
traditions of perspective
drawing and show you many
views of a subject at one time.
• The Cubists believed that the
traditions of Western art had
become exhausted and to
revitalize their work, they
drew on the expressive Woman with a guitar, Braque 1913
energy of art from other
cultures, particularly African
art. Seated Woman (Marie-Therese), Picasso 1937

“Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth” – Pablo Picasso

 FUTURISM
• Futurism was a revolutionary
Italian movement that
celebrated modernity.
• The Futurists adopted the
visual vocabulary of Cubism to
express their ideas - but with a
slight twist. In a Cubist painting
the artist records selected
details of a subject as he moves
around it, whereas in a Futurist
painting the subject itself seems
to move around the artist.
• The main figures associated
with the movement were the
artists, Umberto Boccioni,
Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini,
the musician Luigi Russolo and
the architect Antonio Sant'Elia.
 DE STIJL
Composition VII (the three
graces), Van Doesburg 1917.

• De Stijl was a Dutch 'style' of

pure abstraction developed by
Piet Mondrian, Theo Van
Doesburg and Bart van der Leck.
• Mondrian was the outstanding
artist of the group.
• Mondrian gradually refined the
elements of his art to a grid of
lines and primary colors.
• He saw primary colors in a
Red & Blue chair universal harmony way: yellow
designed by Gerrit radiated the sun's energy; blue
Rietveld, 1917
receded as infinite space and red
materialized where blue and
yellow met.
 DADA
• It was a form of artistic
ABCD (Self- anarchy born out of disgust
portrait), for the social, political and
Raoul Hausmann
1923-24 cultural establishment of the
time which it held responsible
for Europe's descent into
World War.
• Dadaism was an ‘anti art’
stance as it was intent on
destroying the artistic values
of the past.
• Dada’s weapons in the war
against the art establishment
were confrontation and
provocation.
L.H.O.O.Q., Marcel Duchamp
1919 • They confronted the artistic
Readymade: pencil markings on a establishment with the
"Mona Lisa" reproduction print
irrationality of their collages
and assemblages.
 SURREALISM
• Surrealism was the positive
response to Dada's negativity.
Its aim was to liberate the
artist's imagination by tapping
The Persistence of Memory, Dali
1931
into the unconscious mind to
discover a 'superior' reality - a
'sur-reality'.
• To achieve this the Surrealists
drew upon the images of
Uba Imperator, Ernst
1923 dreams, the effects of
combining disassociated
images, and the spontaneous
form of drawing without the
conscious control of the mind.
• The most influential of the
Surrealist artists Salvador Dali
and René Magritte.
 Abstract
Expressionism
• Abstract Expressionism was
fueled by the idea of the
Eyes in the Heat, subconscious, to paint without
Pollock 1946
thought was in full flow by 1946.
• The pioneers of Abstract
Expressionism were Jackson
Pollock, Lee Krasner, Mark
Rothko, Willem de Kooning,
Clyfford Still, Franz Kline, and
Philip Guston.
• The modern/contemporary art
was the first American art style to
exert an influence on a global
scale.
• Abstract Expressionism was also
known as ‘Action Painting’, a title
which implied that the physical
Cherries, Guston 1976 act of painting was as important
as the result itself.
 Pop Art
• Pop Art was hugely successful and
became an icon of the 1960s. The
champions of Pop Art were Roy
Campbell’s Soup Cans,
Warhol 1962 Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol and
Tom Wesselmann.
• It coincided with the globalization
of pop music and youth culture,
personified by Elvis and The
Beatles.
Marilyn
Monroe, Warhol • Pop Art was brash, colorful,
1962
young, fun and hostile to the
artistic establishment.
• The images of celebrity and
consumerism by Andy Warhol
and the comic book iconography
of Roy Lichtenstein represent the
style as we know it today.
OP ART
• Op Art is short for 'optical
art'. It was an abstract
style that emerged in the
1960's based on the
illusionistic effects of line,
shape, pattern and color.
• Op Artists such as Victor Movement in Squares, Riley
Vasarely, Bridget Riley 1961

and Richard Anuszkiewicz

popularized the
movement.
• Time magazine referred to Intrinsic Harmony, Anuszkiewicz
1965
the new wave as Op art
and how it manipulated
the eye.
• Op Art was very popular
with the public and was
quickly commercialized by
the design and fashion
Vega-Nor, Vasarely
industries. 1969
MINIMALISM
• Minimalism was not only a
reaction against the emotionally
charged techniques of Abstract
Expressionism but also a
further refinement of pure
abstraction.
• It used hard-edged forms and
geometric grid structures. Color
was used to define space or
surface. Harran II, Stella 1967

• Ad Reinhardt, whose late

paintings anticipate
Minimalism, put it simply, ‘The
more stuff in it, the busier the
work of art, the worse it is.
More is less. Less is more...’
• Frank Stella, Don Judd, Robert
Morris, John McCracken and
Sol LeWitt were important Free Ride, Tony Smith 1962
contributors to Minimalism.
• Minimalism was a style which
could be easily translated into
architecture and furnishing and
it was. ’23’, McCracken 1964
 PHOTO-REALISM
• Photo-realism, also called
Super-realism, American art
movement that began in the
1960s, taking photography as its
Paris Street Scene, Estes inspiration.
1972 • Photo-realist painters created
highly illusionistic images that
referred not to nature but to the
Self-Portrait, Close 1997
reproduced image.
• Artists such as Richard Estes,
Ralph Goings, Audrey Flack,
Robert Bechtle, and Chuck Close
attempted to reproduce what the
camera could record.
• Photo-realists typically projected
a photographed image onto a
canvas and then used an airbrush
Ralph’s Diner, Goings 1981-82 to reproduce the effect of a photo
printed on glossy paper
KINETIC ART
a form of art that
depends on movement
for its effect. The term
was coined by artists
Naum Gabo (1890–
1977) and his brother
Antoine Pevsner (1886–
1962) in 1920 and is
associated with the
mobiles of artist
Alexander Calder.
PERFORMANCE ART
Performance art is a performance presented
to an audience within a fine art context,
traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may
be either scripted or unscripted, random or
carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise
carefully planned with or without audience
participation. The performance can be live or via
media; the performer can be present or absent.
It can be any situation that involves four basic
elements: time, space, the performer's body, or
presence in a medium, and a relationship
between performer and audience. Performance
art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue
or setting and for any length of time.
The Subject Matter

- What is the main figure in the artwork?

- How is the main figure placed within the artistic frame?
- How do the other figures in the artwork relate to the main
figure?
The Materials

- What are the materials or objects used by the

artist?
- Do these materials bring out the intended
effect of the artist?
- If the artist chose other materials, do you think
the same effect will be achieved? Why and How?
The Art Elements and Principles

- What are the dominant elements in the artwork?

- How are these used in the artwork?
- How are line, shape, or volume used within the
artistic frame?
- How are the texture, movement, or space used
within an artist frame?
- What are the unifying features in the artistic
composition?
- Are there any variation among the repeated
elements?
- How does the art form appeal to the visual sense?
Appreciating Arts
1. What art forms?
2. Identify the art movement. (social and
historical context)
3. Identify the subject matter.
4. Elements
5. Context