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Perpetual Futility

This document discusses perpetual motion and different types of perpetual motion machines. It explains that perpetual motion of the first kind would violate the law of conservation of energy by producing work without input of energy. Perpetual motion of the second kind would violate the second law of thermodynamics by spontaneously converting thermal energy to work with only one heat reservoir. While perpetual motion has been proven impossible, efforts continue to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste in energy processes and transportation.

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69 views17 pages

Perpetual Futility

This document discusses perpetual motion and different types of perpetual motion machines. It explains that perpetual motion of the first kind would violate the law of conservation of energy by producing work without input of energy. Perpetual motion of the second kind would violate the second law of thermodynamics by spontaneously converting thermal energy to work with only one heat reservoir. While perpetual motion has been proven impossible, efforts continue to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste in energy processes and transportation.

Uploaded by

rahuul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERPETUAL FUTILITY

Perpetual motion
Perpetual motion is motion that continues
indefinitely without any external source of
energy.

Nothing Something
Deviation from Conventional motion
Simple perpetual motion concepts
Fascination towards perpetual motion

History of perpetual motion takes us back to


1159 B.C. The first documented perpetual
motion machines were described by the Indian
author Bhaskara, followed by many western
scientists including Leonardo da Vinci.
Perpetual motion machines

OR
Classification
Perpetual motion machine of first kind:

– A perpetual motion machine of the first kind


produces work without the input of energy. It thus
violates the first law of thermodynamics: the law
of conservation of energy.
– The law of conservation of energy is an empirical
law of physics. It states that the total amount of
energy in an isolated system remains constant over.
A consequence of this law is that energy can
neither be created nor destroyed: it can only be
transformed from one state to another.
– Hence, it is impossible for a machine to do the
work infinitely without consuming energy.
Overbalancing wheel
• The "Overbalanced
Wheel". It was thought
that the metal balls on the
right side would turn the
wheel because of the
longer lever arm.
• But! Since the left side
had more balls than the
right side, the torque was
balanced and the
perpetual movement
could not be achieved.
Perpetual motion machine of second kind:

– A perpetual motion machine of the second


kind is a machine which spontaneously
converts thermal energy into mechanical
work. When the thermal energy is
equivalent to the work done, this does not
violate the law of conservation of energy.
However it does violate the more subtle
second law of thermodynamics.
– The signature of a perpetual motion machine
of the second kind is that there is only one
heat reservoir involved, which is being
spontaneously cooled without involving a
transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This
conversion of heat into useful work, without
any side effect, is impossible, according to
the second law of thermodynamics.
Carnot engine
– Carnot engine diagram (modern) - where heat
flows from a high temperature TH furnace through
the fluid of the "working body" (working
substance) and into the cold sink TC, thus forcing
the working substance to do mechanical work W
on the surroundings, via cycles of contractions and
expansions.
Second law of thermodynamics
– Second Law of Thermodynamics: It is impossible
to extract an amount of heat QH from a hot
reservoir and use it all to do work.
– Some amount of heat QC must be exhausted to a
cold reservoir. This precludes a perfect heat
engine.
Conclusion
Although the perpetual motion machine has
been proved a failure, people still attempt to
improve their way to use energy.We try to
decrease the energy wasted during the
processes of energy transaction and
transportation so that we can use it more
effectively.

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