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Mobile communications allows users to communicate wirelessly from anywhere using various devices like mobile phones, PDAs, and laptops. It connects to different networks including wireless LANs, cellular networks, and satellites. Research focuses on integrating these networks, improving technologies for smaller and more powerful devices, and supporting user mobility and location awareness. Challenges include limited battery life, security, and working with restricted wireless frequencies and transmission rates.

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Praveen Yadav
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46 views9 pages

Lec 1

Mobile communications allows users to communicate wirelessly from anywhere using various devices like mobile phones, PDAs, and laptops. It connects to different networks including wireless LANs, cellular networks, and satellites. Research focuses on integrating these networks, improving technologies for smaller and more powerful devices, and supporting user mobility and location awareness. Challenges include limited battery life, security, and working with restricted wireless frequencies and transmission rates.

Uploaded by

Praveen Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mobile Communications

Overview of the Subject


– Introduction – Broadcast Systems
• Use-cases, applications • DAB, DVB
• Definition of terms – Wireless LANs
• Challenges, history • Basic Technology
– Wireless Transmission
• IEEE 802.11a/b/g, .15, Bluetooth
• frequencies & regulations
– Network Protocols
• signals, antennas, signal
propagation • Mobile IP
• multiplexing, modulation, spread • Ad-hoc networking
spectrum, cellular system • Routing
– Media Access – Transport Protocols
• motivation, SDMA, FDMA, TDMA • Reliable transmission
(fixed, Aloha, CSMA, DAMA,
PRMA, MACA, collision • Flow control
avoidance, polling), CDMA • Quality of Service
– Wireless Telecommunication Systems – Support for Mobility
• GSM, HSCSD, GPRS, DECT, • File systems, WWW, WAP, i-
TETRA, UMTS, IMT-2000 mode, J2ME, ...
– Satellite Systems
– Outlook
• GEO, LEO, MEO, routing,
handover
Introduction

• A case for mobility – many aspects


• History of mobile communication
• Market
• Areas of research
Computers for the next decades?

• Computers are integrated


– small, cheap, portable, replaceable - no more separate devices

• Technology is in the background


– computer are aware of their environment and adapt (“location
awareness”)
– computer recognize the location of the user and react appropriately
(e.g., call forwarding, fax forwarding, “context awareness”))

• Advances in technology
– more computing power in smaller devices
– flat, lightweight displays with low power consumption
– new user interfaces due to small dimensions
– more bandwidth per cubic meter
– multiple wireless interfaces: wireless LANs, wireless WANs, regional
wireless telecommunication networks etc. („overlay networks“)
Mobile communication
• Two aspects of mobility:
– user mobility: users communicate (wireless) “anytime,
anywhere, with anyone”
– device portability: devices can be connected anytime,
anywhere to the network
• Wireless vs. mobile Examples
  stationary computer
  notebook in a hotel
  wireless LANs in historic buildings
  Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
• The demand for mobile communication creates the need for
integration of wireless networks into existing fixed networks:
– local area networks: standardization of IEEE 802.11,
ETSI (HIPERLAN)
– Internet: Mobile IP extension of the internet protocol IP
– wide area networks: e.g., internetworking of GSM and ISDN
Mobile and wireless services – Always
Best Connected
UMTS, GSM LAN
DSL/ WLAN GSM/GPRS 53 kbit/s 115 kbit/s 100 Mbit/s,
3 Mbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s WLAN
54 Mbit/s

UMTS
2 Mbit/s

GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s,


DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s
UMTS, GSM
GSM 115 kbit/s,
384 kbit/s
WLAN 11 Mbit/s
Pager
Mobile
PDA
devices Laptop/Notebook
• receive only • graphical displays • fully functional
• tiny displays • character recognition • standard applications
• simple text • simplified WWW
messages

Sensors,
embedded
controllers

Mobile phones Palmtop


• voice, data • tiny keyboard
• simple graphical displays • simple versions
of standard applications
www.scatterweb.net

performance
Effects of device portability
• Power consumption
– limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks
due to limited battery capacity
– CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f
• C: internal capacity, reduced by integration
• V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit
• f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally
• Loss of data
– higher probability, has to be included in advance into the
design (e.g., defects, theft)
• Limited user interfaces
– compromise between size of fingers and portability
– integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols
• Limited memory
– limited value of mass memories with moving parts
– flash-memory or ? as alternative
Wireless networks in comparison to fixed
networks
• Higher loss-rates due to interference
– emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning
• Restrictive regulations of frequencies
– frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are
almost all occupied
• Low transmission rates
– local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with
GSM/GPRS
• Higher delays, higher jitter
– connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several
hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems
• Lower security, simpler active attacking
– radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be
simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones
• Always shared medium
– secure access mechanisms important

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