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Systems With Time Delay

This document discusses time delays in control systems. It notes that short delays can generally be ignored, while long delays can distort system performance and cause instability. It explains that time delays occur due to the dynamics of actuators, sensors, processes, and sometimes from components like filters added to systems. To analyze time delay effects, the frequency response must be adjusted to reflect the phase delay. Overall, time delays typically reduce stability margins and can increase overshoot or cause instability in closed-loop system responses.

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Rey Solis Genosa
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55 views8 pages

Systems With Time Delay

This document discusses time delays in control systems. It notes that short delays can generally be ignored, while long delays can distort system performance and cause instability. It explains that time delays occur due to the dynamics of actuators, sensors, processes, and sometimes from components like filters added to systems. To analyze time delay effects, the frequency response must be adjusted to reflect the phase delay. Overall, time delays typically reduce stability margins and can increase overshoot or cause instability in closed-loop system responses.

Uploaded by

Rey Solis Genosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Systems with Time Delay

• Time delay occurs in control systems when there is a delay


between the commanded response and the start of the
output response.
• Short delay – ignore due to small amount
• Long delay – can distort great performance
• Short and long delay results instability
R(s) G(s) C(s)

• C(s) = R(s)/ G(s)


• G’(s) delays the output by T seconds, the output response is
c(t-T)
• c(t-T) e^(-sT) C(s),
frequency response by substituting s = jw
In order to know how remove delays, we need to understand where
they come from in a typical systems, and to do that we need to talk
about the main components of a system; actuators, sensors, controller
and the process it self. All real dynamic system introduced phase
delays, or distort signal by delaying some frequency.

It is true whether it is mechanical or electrical.


There are some design components added into the system for a
necessary reason but that increase phase delay as a by product. These
were things just like;
• Low pass filter, for noise reduction
• Anti-aliasing filters, prior for digitalizing analog signal
• And building integrators for your controllers
“ not included on video”
• This means that all actuators, sensors and processes have dynamics
that create amount of phase delay across the spectrum.
• And depending on your controller design, it can add some phase
delays
• If it is the cause of your delay, then it might be necessary to look for a
faster sensor, actuators that don’t have so much lag.
• In summary, systems with time delay can be handled using
previously described frequency response techniques if the
phase response is adjusted to reflect the time delay.
• Typically, time delay reduces gain and phase margins,
resulting in increased percent overshoot or instability in the
closed-loop response.

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