ITU Regional Standardization Forum for Asia-Pacific

(Jakarta, Indonesia, 27-28 October 2015)

EMC Generals and Testing Technologies

Sangho Choi, Ph.D.

The Chief of EMTI/Research Fellow
Electromagnetic Technology Institute(EMTI), RAPA
([email protected])
 EMC Concept and
Technical Standards

1
 EMC Definition
 EMC : EMC is defined as the ability of electronic and communication equipment
to be able to operate satisfactorily in the presence of interference and not be a
source of interference to nearby equipment.

2
Electromagnetic Environment
(Source) (Coupling Path ) (Victim)
RE Radiation RS
(Nonmetallic Paths)
CE CS
Conduction
Emitter (Metallic Paths) Susceptor

·Transmitters ·Conduction (current) ·Receivers

·High-speed logic Common impedance ·Analog circuits
·HF generators + ·Digital circuits
·Power switchers ·Electromagnetic fields ·Human beings
·Inductive loads Cross-talk/Radiation
·Transients : ESD, lightening

High unwanted emissions Low susceptibility threshold

EMI Regulation EMS Regulation

3
 The Changes of EM Environment
 ICT convergence : High speed/quality/definition, wireless
 Smart grid technology, new and renewable energy development
 Electric vehicles
 Energy efficiency, mobility, portability
 Automatic, social safety and security, intelligent public transportation
infrastructure
 Aerospace & avionics, ships advance

Technology Changes of
Innovation EM Environment

To be required the development of new EMC (testing) technologies in

electromagnetic environment

4
 EMC Problems
Brazil rocket explosion
Alcantara launch center
killing 21 people,
injuring 20 more
2003

Aircraft carrier explosion

USS Forrestal Disaster, Vietnam
July 29, 1967

5
 EMC Controls
• The control of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and
assurance of EMC comprises a series of related disciplines:
– Characterizing the threat.
– Setting standards for emission and susceptibility levels.
– Design for standards compliance.
– Testing for standards compliance.

• Characterization of the problem requires understanding of:

– The interference source and signal.
– The coupling path to the victim.
– The nature of the victim both electrically and in terms of the
significance of malfunction.

6
 EMC Tests for the Compliance
 Needs testing about
1) Intra-system EMC for stable operation, performance & quality
2) inter-system EMC for the protection of radio service (Radio law) and the
safety from danger regulation & certificate

EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMI EMS
Electromagnetic Interference Electromagnetic Susceptibility

RE (IEC/CISPR) CE (IEC/CISPR) RS (IEC/TC77, ISO) CE (IEC/TC77, ISO)

Radiated Emission Conducted Emission Radiated Susceptibility Conducted Susceptibility
∙ Magnetic Fields ∙ Voltage ∙ Magnetic Fields ∙ HF/LF
∙ Electric Fields ∙ Current ∙ Electric Fields ∙ Surge, EFT Burst
∙ Conducted Power ∙ ESD
Disturbance

7
 Technical Standards for EMC(1)
Basic Standard

- Basic standards for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range
9kHz - 18GHz

ex: CISPR 16 Series, IEC/EN/K 61000-4 Series for ESD, RS/CS, Surge, EFT burst tests

Generic Standard

- Generic standards – Immunity(EMS) and emission(EMI)

for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments

ex: IEC/EN/K 61000-6-1 & IEC/EN/K 61000-6-2 for EMS

IEC/EN/K 61000-6-3 & IEC/EN/K 61000-6-4 for EMI

8
 Technical Standards for EMC(2)
Product Family Standard

ex: CISPR 11(ISM), CISPR 12(vehicles, boats, combustion engine), CISPR 13(EMI for broadcasting
receiver), CISPR 14-1(EMI for home appliances), CISPR 14-2(EMS for home appliances),
CISPR 15(lightening equipment), CISPR 2013(EMS for broadcasting receiver), CISPR 22(EMI for
ITE), CISPR 24(EMS for ITE), CISPR 25(vehicles, boats, combustion engine),
CISPR 32 and CISPR 35(multimedia), etc.

Product Standard

ex: IEC 60945(Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication Equipment and Systems) ,

IEC 60533(Electrical and electronics installation in ships),
IEC 61326(Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use),
IEC 61131-2(Programmable controllers ), IEC 61204-3(Low voltage power supplies), etc.

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EMC Regulation Issues

10
 EMC Regulation in the World
• US
– The body responsible for regulation of EMC emissions in the USA is the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The specific regulations are
Part 15 (Radio Frequency Devices) and Part 18 (Industrial, Scientific and
Medical Equipment) for the FCC marking.
• EU
– For the majority of electrical and electronic products, EMC requirements
in the European Union are covered by the EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
for the CE marking
• Japan
– The body responsible for EMC emissions in Japan is the VCCI. Products
must comply with CISPR 22. Equipment intended for the domestic
environment must comply with the Class B requirements, while other
equipment should satisfy the Class A requirements
– These requirements are not mandatory regulations.

11
Korea Standard Development System for EMC

RRA is the National

Committee in EMC
EMC Technical Regulation Body Field for CISPR

Contribute Establishing KCS Establishing KS

KCS

KS Standards
Sale Requesting
TTA Standard
KS
(TTAS ) Standard Standards
Draft Version

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Korea Conformity Assessment System
Conformity Certification (Radio Waves Act Article 58-2.2)

Technical Regulation : Radio and Telecommunication, SAR, EMC (Low voltage damage)

Conformity Registration(Radio Waves Act Article 58-2.3)

Technical Regulation : EMC (Low voltage damage)

13
 EMC Regulation in Korea
• Products Covered
– In accordance with the regulations of the South Korean KCC, the following products are
covered by the requirements for EMC certification:
• High Frequency equipment for industrial, scientific and medical use
• Automobiles and equipment powered by spark ignition engines
• Radio receiver equipment
• Domestic electrical appliances and electrical power tools
• Fluorescent lighting equipment
• High voltage equipment and accessories
• Information technology equipment
• Any other equipment

• Test Standards
– Products must comply with the appropriate South Korean standards, which are based on,
but not necessarily identical to, the appropriate CISPR standards.

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EMC Testing Facilities

15
 Typical EMC Test Facilities

Shield room

RS chamber
3m EMI chamber

30m EMI chamber OATS

10m EMI chamber

16
Typical Semi-Anechoic Chamber (10m)

17
Semi-Anechoic Chamber (10m)
configuration

Antenna mast

1 to 4 m

direct wave EUT

turntable
Ground plane

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Semi Anechoic Chamber Information
 General Information
 Dimension : 20m(L) x 12m(W) x 8.5m(H)
 Frequency Range : 30MHz ~ 18GHz
 Site Attenuation (ANSI C63.4), NSA less than ±4dB
 Site Attenuation (CISPR 13), CSA less than ±3dB
 Site Validation (CISPR 16-1-4), SVSWR less than 6dB
 Test Distance : 3m & 10m

 Test Items  Standards  Cost

 Radiated Emission  ANSI C63.4  USD 1.7 million(about)
 Conducted Emission  CISPR 13
 CISPR 16-1-4

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Typical EMC test facilities layout(Top view)

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 EMC test facilities construction procedure(1)
1. Installation of steel structure 2. Installation of shield panel[Floor] 3. Installation of scaffold

4. Installation of shield panel 5. Installation of Door, Filter 6. Performance [SE Test]

[Wall & Ceiling]

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 EMC test facilities construction procedure(2)
7. Installation of Ferrite Tile 8. Installation of Absorbers 9. Installation of Raised floor

10. Installation of Groundplane 11. Finishing; Floor, interior 12. Performance [NSA Test]

22
Typical EMS RS Chamber

23
 EMS RS Chamber General Information
 General Information
 Dimension : 9m(L) x 6m(W) x 6m(H)
 Frequency Range : 26MHz ~ 18GHz
 Field Uniformity (IEC 61000-4-3)
: (0 ~ 6)dB, over 75% of a surface
 Polarization : Vertical & Horizontal
 Uniformity Plane : 1.5m x 1.5m
 Height of the antenna : 1.55m
 Test Distance : 3m

 Test Items  Standards  Cost

 Radiated Susceptibility  IEC 61000-4-3  USD 430 thousand(about)

24
Typical Screen/Shield Rooms

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 Typical Shield Rooms Information
 General Information
 Dimension : 10m(L) x 7.5m(W) x 3m(H)
 Frequency Range : 14kHz ~ 18GHz
 Shielding Effectiveness (IEEE 299)
: more than (60 ~ 100)dB
 Measurement Point : Door, Filter, Ceiling, walls, and ventilator

 Test Items  Standards  Cost

 Conducted Emission  CISPR 14-1/13/22 etc.  USD 260 thousand(about)
 Disturbance Power
 ESD/EFT/Surge etc.

26
Typical Open-Area Test Sites(OATS)

27
OATS Configuration

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 OATS Information

 General Information
 Frequency Range : 30MHz ~ 1GHz
 Site Attenuation (ANSI C63.4), NSA less than ±4dB
 Test Distance : 3m, 10m & 30m

 Test Items  Standards  Cost

 Radiated Emission  ANSI C63.4  USD 86 thousand(about)

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 EMC Testing Instruments

Oscilloscope

ESD Generator
EMI test Receiver

LISN
Signal Generator
Spectrum Analyzer

EFT/Surge Generator Antenna Network Analyzer

Above equipments are the most commonly used available for performing EMC measurements.
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EMC Tests

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 Test for Radiated Emission(RE)
• RE Test for EUT
• Frequency Range : 30MHz to 1GHz(Up to 18GHz)
• Standard : CISPR 11, 12, 13, 25, 22… (EN 550XX)
EEC 95/54, SAE J 1113-41
• Major Testing System (Refer to CISPR 16)
– Test Facility : OATS, ALSE, FAR, SAR
Open area test site or alternate test (anechoic chamber)
– Test Equipment : EMI Receiver(Field strength meter with quasi-peak
detector or EMI test receiver), Spectrum Analyzer
– Test Antenna : Loop, Dipole, Log-periodic, Bi-conical Horn (depending
on Frequency & Regulation)
– Other : Turntable, Antenna Master, etc.

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Limit of RE

33
 Test for Conducted Emission(CE)
• CE Measurement emitting from cable of EUT
• Frequency Range : 150kHz to 30MHz
• Standards : CISPR 11, 13, 14, 15, 25, 22.. (EN 550XX)
• Testing System (Refer to CISPR 16)
– Test Facility : Shielded Room or adequate ground planes
– Test Equipment : EMI Receiver, Spectrum Analyzer(Quasi-peak Average
detector available)
– Other : LISN, etc.

* LISN (Line Impedance Stabilization Network) :

to create a known impedance on power lines of electrical equipment
during electromagnetic interference testing. A LISN is typically designed to
allow for measurements of the electromagnetic interference existing on
the power line.

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 Limit of CE
Conducted Disturbance Disturbance Voltage Injected
at the Mains Ports into the Mains
Table 1 , 2 dBuV

Class A Class B 80
Frequency 79
Limits dB (uV) Limits dB (uV) 76
Range
Calss A (Q.P)
72 73
MHz Q.P Average Q.P Average
68
66
0.15 ~ 0.5 79 66 66 ~ 56 * 56 ~ 46 64
0.5 ~ 5 73 60 56 46 60 Calss A (Average)
5 ~ 30 73 60 60 50 56 Calss B (Q.P)

52
* Decreasing Linearly with the Logarithm of the Frequency 50
48
- The lower limit shall apply at the transition frequencies. Calss B (Average)
46
- Telecommunication Ports 에 대한 Limit 는 고려중임.
44
0.1 0.5 1 5 10 30 100
MHz

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Test for Radiated Susceptibility(RS)
• Radiated field susceptibility testing typically involves a high-
powered source of RF or EM pulse energy and a radiating
antenna to direct the energy at the potential victim or
device under test (DUT).
• Frequency Range : 80 MHz to 1000 MHz
• Test condition : 1-30 V/m (1 kHz CW, 80% AM) , 100 V/m
• Standards : IEC 61000-4-3 (EN 61000-4-3), ISO 11452-2
• Test Facility : FAR
– Test Equipment : Power Amplifier system, Antenna, Field Probe
Sensor, Signal Generator, Directional Coupler, power meter,
– Other : Test software, etc

36
 Test for Conducted Susceptibility(CS)
• Conducted voltage and current susceptibility testing typically
involves a high-powered signal or pulse generator, and a current
clamp or other type of transformer to inject the test signal

• Frequency Range : 150kHz to 80MHz

• Test Condition : 1-10V (1kHz CW, 80% AM)
• Standards : IEC 61000-4-6 (EN 61000-4-6), ISO 7637
• Test System
– Test Facility : Shield Room
– Test Equipment : Power Amplifier system, Signal Generator,
Directional Coupler, power meter, CDN, Current Clamp
– Other : Test software, etc

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 Test for Electrostatic Discharge(ESD)
• ESD is a serious issue in solid state electronics, such as integrated
circuits. Integrated circuits are made from semiconductor materials
such as silicon and insulating materials such as silicon dioxide.
Either of these materials can suffer permanent damage when
subjected to high voltages; as a result, there are now a number of
antistatic devices that help prevent static build up.
• Test Condition(input voltage) : 8kV(Air Discharge), 4kV(Contact
Discharge), Max 25kV
• Standard : IEC 61000-4-2 (EN 61000-4-2), ISO 10605
• Test System
– Test Facility : Shield Room
– Test Equipment : ESD Simulator, Coupling Plane
– Other : Capacitors, Resistors, etc

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Thank You So Much !!!

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