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Marine

Marine pollution threatens coral reefs and marine life. Coral reefs support over a million species but are declining due to pollution from sewage, chemicals, oil spills and plastics. Oil pollution in particular inhibits photosynthesis and plankton growth, damaging marine ecosystems. Better management of pollution through wastewater treatment, emergency response plans, and involving local communities can help protect oceans and coral reefs.

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108 views22 pages

Marine

Marine pollution threatens coral reefs and marine life. Coral reefs support over a million species but are declining due to pollution from sewage, chemicals, oil spills and plastics. Oil pollution in particular inhibits photosynthesis and plankton growth, damaging marine ecosystems. Better management of pollution through wastewater treatment, emergency response plans, and involving local communities can help protect oceans and coral reefs.

Uploaded by

srsr1987
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLLUTION

 Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the


natural environment that cause adverse change.
MARINE POLLUTION
 Marine pollution is defined as, the discharge of waste
substances into the sea resulting in harm to living
resources, hazards to human health,hindrance to
fishery and impairment of quality for use of sea water.
CORAL REEFS
 Coral reefs are underwater structures made from
calcium carbonate secreted by corals.corals are
colonies of tiny living animals found in marine waters
containing few nutrients.
BENEFITS OF CORAL REEFS
 Reefs support more than one millions species.
 They provide feeding, breeding and nursery areas to
fishery and shell fish
 They offer medicines
 They acts as buffer to ocean waves and protect coastal
lines from storms and so on.
FACTORS AFFECTING CORAL REEFS
The coral reefs are threatened by
 The sediment from deforestation .
 The agricultural and industrial
chemicals through river discharge .
 Over fishing and blast fishing.
 Climate change .
 Disease outbreak.
SOURCES OF
MARINE
POLLUTION
1. Dumping the
wastes:The most
serious issue is
dumping of untreated
wastes and sewage
into oceans by the
coastal towns and
cities and industrial
units.
Effects
Many marine birds ingest plastic that causes gastro-
intestinal disorders .
2.Oil pollutio of
Marine water
The great damage to water is
imposed by petroleum and
it’s products.
Effects
 The continuous oil films inhabit photosynthesis and
form of oxygen.
 This inhabits the growth of plankton,which is the
main source hydrobionts inhabiting the water body.
EFFECTS:
 HEAVY METALS AND ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
DAMAGE EGGS OF BIRDS
 OIL POLLUTION DAMAGES FLORA AND FAUNA
 OIL SPILLS CAUSE HYPOTHERMIA IN BIRDS
 OIL FILMS RETARD OXYGEN UPTAKE BY
WATER AND INHIBIT
PHOTOSYNTHESIS,PLANKTON GROWTH etc..
 HYDROCARBONS , BENZPYRENE ACCUMULATE
IN FOOD CHAIN SO CONSUMPTION OF THOSE
FISHES CAUSE CANCER
Prevention & control :
• Spills - Detection and Cleanup
• implementation of policies to avoid marine pollution
• emergency contingency plan
• Oil spill clean up equipment must be used efficiently
METHODS OF OIL REMOVAL…
PHYSICAL METHODS CHEMICAL METHODS
 SKIMMING OIL OFF • DISPERSION
THE SURFACE • EMULSIFICATION
 FLOATING OIL CAN BE • USING CHEMICAL
ABSORBED USING ADDITIVES
POLYURETHANE
FOAM
 OIL IN SEA CAN BE
ABSORBED BY SAW
DUST AND STRAW
• Domestic sewage must
be treated properly
• Green infrastructure
approach
• Industrial waste water
should be treated properly
• Dissolved air flotation
• Urban runoff must be treated
• Best management practices are to
be adopted
MORE MEASURES…..
 PLANS TO CONSERVE MARINE BIODIVERSITY
 EDUCATION ABOUT MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND
THEIR BENEFITS
 INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN
PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL
RESOURCES
 NEEDS OF FISHERMEN SHOULD BE
ACCOMODATED
 GOVERNMENTS SHOULD MANAGE THEIR OWN
WATERS WHILE EXTENDING SUPPORT TO
NEIGHBOURING STATES
CASE STUDY
 GULF WAR (JAN16 TO FEB 26,1991) TOOK PLACE IN
KUWAIT BETWEEN IRAQ AND USA.DURING THIS
AMERICAN FIGHTERS DROPPED NEARLY A LAKH
OF BOMBS AND FORCED IRAQI ARMY TO
WITHDRAW FROM KUWAIT.DURING RETREAT OF
IRAQI ,THEY HAVE SET FIRE ON NEARLY 700 OIL
WELLS OF KUWAIT.
SINCE MOST OF THE OIL WELLS ARE ON THE
SHORE OF THE SEA,OIL FROM OIL WELL SPILL
OUT OUT INTO SEA.FLOATING OIL OVER SEA
COVERED NEARLY 80Km LONG AND 25km WIDE
AREA. BURNING OF OIL WELLS CONTINUED
NEARLY FOR 10 MONTHS.THIS RELEASED HIGE
AMOUNTS OF POLLUTANTS LIKE CO2 AND SO2
INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.

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