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Presentation On Actuators: Prepared By: Shivi Varshney ME (I&C) Regular 2017

The document presents information on different types of actuators. It defines an actuator as a device that converts an input energy like electricity, air or fluids into motion or mechanical energy. The main types of actuators discussed are pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical and electrical actuators. Pneumatic actuators use compressed air, hydraulic actuators use pressurized fluids, mechanical actuators convert rotary to linear motion, and electrical actuators include solenoids and electric motors. Examples, working principles and applications of each type of actuator are provided.

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Shivi Varshney
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43 views

Presentation On Actuators: Prepared By: Shivi Varshney ME (I&C) Regular 2017

The document presents information on different types of actuators. It defines an actuator as a device that converts an input energy like electricity, air or fluids into motion or mechanical energy. The main types of actuators discussed are pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical and electrical actuators. Pneumatic actuators use compressed air, hydraulic actuators use pressurized fluids, mechanical actuators convert rotary to linear motion, and electrical actuators include solenoids and electric motors. Examples, working principles and applications of each type of actuator are provided.

Uploaded by

Shivi Varshney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation on

Actuators

Prepared by:
Shivi Varshney
ME(I&C) Regular
2017
Table of Content
1. What is an actuator.

2. Types of actuators.

3. Pneumatic Actuator.

4. Hydraulic Actuator.

5. Mechanical actuator.

6. Electrical /Electronics Actuators.


What is an Actuator?
 Actuators are devices used to produce action or motion.
 Input(mainly electrical signal , air, fluids)
 Electrical signal can be low power or high power.
 An actuator is something that actuates or moves something.
 An actuator is a device that coverts an input energy into motion or
mechanical energy.
 The input energy of actuators can be “manual” (e.g., levers and
jacks), hydraulic or pneumatic (e.g., pistons and valves), thermal
(e.g., bimetallic switches or levers), and electric (e.g., motors and
resonators).
 Actuators are final element in a control system.
Types Of Actuators:
 Pneumatic Actuator.
 Hydraulic Actuator.
 Electrical/Electronics Actuator.

• Linear actuator: solenoid, Hydraulic/Pneumatic.

• Rotary actuator: motor, Hydraulic/Pneumatic.


Pneumatic Actuator:
 Pneumatic actuator converts energy ( in the form
of compressed air ) into mechanical motion.
 They are devices providing power and motion to
automated systems, machines and processes.

 A pneumatic cylinder is a simple, low cost, easy to install


device that is ideal for producing powerful linear
movement.
Types of Pneumatic Actuator
1. Pneumatic actuators are made in a wide variety of
sizes, styles and types including the following

1. Single acting with and without spring return

2. Double acting

3. Rod less

4. Rotary

5. Clamping

6. Bellows
Single Acting Cylinders Have A Power Stroke
In One Direction Only
 Normally in:

 Normally out:
Double Acting
• Double acting cylinders use compressed air to power both the
outstroke and in-stroke.

• Superior speed control is possible

• Non cushioned cylinders are suitable for full stroke working at


slow speed.

• Higher speeds with external cushions.


Hydraulic Actuator
• Pneumatic actuators that use hydraulic fluids are called hydraulic

actuators but they are more powerful for the same dimensions

• The term "hydraulic actuator" refers to a device controlled by a

hydraulic pump.
• A familiar example of a manually operated hydraulic actuator is

a hydraulic car jack. Typically though, Principle Used in

Hydraulic Actuator System .

• Hydraulic systems are used to control & transmit power.

• A pump driven by prime mover (electric motor) creates flow of

fluid.
Types of hydraulic actuator
• Linear actuator (Hydraulic cylinder)-
 Provides motion in straight line.
 Linear displacement depends on stroke length.
 Usually referred to as cylinders, rams (single acting cylinders)
or jacks.

 Rotary actuators (Hydraulic motors)-


 Produces continuous rotational motion.
 Pump shaft is rotated to generate flow.
 A motor shaft is caused to rotate by fluid being forced into the
driving chambers.
Construction of Hydraulic
Actuator
 A hydraulic drive system consists of three parts:

1.Generator (e.g. a hydraulic pump), driven by an electric motor.

2. Combustion engine ,valves, filters, piping etc. (to guide and


control the system)

3. Motor (e.g. a hydraulic motor or hydraulic cylinder) to drive the


machinery.
Hydraulic Actuator Parts of a
typical cylinder
Working of Hydraulic Actuators
 Hydraulic actuators or hydraulic cylinders typically involve a
hollow cylinder having a piston inserted in it. An unbalanced
pressure applied to the piston provides force that can move an
external object. Since liquids are nearly incompressible, a
hydraulic cylinder can provide controlled precise linear
displacement of the piston. The displacement is only along the
axis of the piston.

 The piston forms sealed, variable-volume chambers in the


cylinder

 System fluid forced into the chambers drives the piston and rod
assembly

 Linear movement is produced.


Classifications of Hydraulic Actuator
• Cylinders are typically classified by operating principle or by construction

type

o Single-acting or double-acting

o Tie rod, mill, threaded end, or one piece

• Single-acting cylinders exert force either on extension or retraction.

• They require an outside force to complete the second motion

• Double-acting cylinders generate force during both extension and

retraction

o Directional control valve alternately directs fluid to opposite sides of

the piston

o Force output varies between extension and retraction


Hydraulic Actuator Single- and Double-
Acting Cylinders
Applications of Hydraulic Actuators
Mechanical Actuator
 Mechanical linear actuators typically
operate by conversion of rotary motion
into linear motion.

Types of mechanics
 Screw

 Wheel and axle

 Cam
Electrical Actuators
• An electrical motor is an Transducer & an Actuator because it
converts electrical current into a large magnetic field which
then turns a shaft. (Mechanical energy)

• All electric motors use electromagnetic induction to generate a


force on a rotational element called the rotor.

• The torque required to rotate the rotor is created due to the


interaction of magnetic fields generated by the rotor, and the
part surrounding it, which is fixed, and called the stator.

• Electrically actuated system are very widely used in control

system
Classification of Electrical
Actuators
• Solenoid

• Electrical Motors

• Stepping Motors
Solenoid
• Simple form of electromagnet that
consists of a wire bobbin of isolated
copper, or of another appropiate
conductor, who is coiled in spiral
around the surface of a cylindrical
body, generally with transverse
circular section.

• When the electrical current is sent


across these wound, they act as
electromagnet.

• The created magnetic field is the motive


force used to open the valve.
Electric Motors
 Electromechanical device that converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy
 The physical principle of all electric motors is that when an
electric current is passed through a conductor (usually a coil of
wire) placed within a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the
wire causing it to move.
 Mechanical energy used to e.g.
 Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
 Drive compressors
 Lift materials
 Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load
Working Principle Of Motor
 Every motor works on the principle that when a current-carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
mechanical force.

 There are three types of motor used in control system

 D.C. motor

 A.C. motor

 Stepper motor
A.C. motor:

Stepper motor:
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical
pulses into discrete mechanical movements.
 Permanent magnet type

 Variable reluctance type

 Hybrid type
Thank you

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