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The Review Process

The document discusses the literature review process. It begins by defining a literature review and outlining its main purposes, which include building researcher confidence, showing similar past studies, and demonstrating objectivity. The document then covers selecting a topic and relevant literature, evaluating literature, and conducting the review. It describes analyzing literature through different levels of reading and taking notes in a systematic way. The overall process involves finding relevant materials, reading them analytically and comparatively, and taking notes to aid analysis. Highlighting and annotations are also presented as helpful tools.

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Maria Arlene
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100 views19 pages

The Review Process

The document discusses the literature review process. It begins by defining a literature review and outlining its main purposes, which include building researcher confidence, showing similar past studies, and demonstrating objectivity. The document then covers selecting a topic and relevant literature, evaluating literature, and conducting the review. It describes analyzing literature through different levels of reading and taking notes in a systematic way. The overall process involves finding relevant materials, reading them analytically and comparatively, and taking notes to aid analysis. Highlighting and annotations are also presented as helpful tools.

Uploaded by

Maria Arlene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Review Process

DEFINITION OF THE LITERATURE


REVIEW
A literature review is a process of
compiling, classifying, and evaluating
what other researchers have written
on a certain topic. It can be a partial
component of a research undertaking
but it can also stand alone as a self-
contained review of writings on a
subject.
Purposes of Reviewing a Literature:
•It builds the confience of the researcher as he/she
fully understands the variables being studied.
•It shows similar studies conducted which in turn,
become the springboard of discussion as the
researcher may agree or disagree with the current
results.
•Fellow researchers will see the objectivity of the
study as they read a review of literature and related
sources similar in research or conceptual framework.
•Reviewing a body of literature on the topic makes
the research study empirical.
Selecting the topic and the literature
•Pick a topic. It is a daunting and difficult task to select a certain
topic. It is said that the main problem of a research paper is to
identify the problem. Therefore, it is best to read extensively on
the topic, until the specific problem is discerned and finally
chosen.
•Selecting the literature. Once the topic is chosen, literature
search follows. Any literature (theories, conceptual framework,
related studies) that carries topics, variables, and terms that are
related to the chosen study can be selected
•Structure of literature. A researcher should demonstrate
his/her intellectual ability to recognize relevant information and
synthesize or evaluate it according to the tentative research
questions.
Some guide questions that can help in evaluating literature and
related studies are as follows:
• What are the main ideas and contributions that form the corn of
the literature?
• Which papers are important and which ones are not?
• Have there been controversies in the cited studies and how
have they been resolved?
• What are the common assumptions made in the articles/books
being reviewed?
• What are the current deficiencies/mistakes and unresolved
issues?
• Are there important connections to other topics?
• Has the emphasis been more empirical or theoritical? Why is it
so?
In a literature review, one should do as follows:
•Group research studies and other relevant
literature according to a common theme.
•Summarize each item of the literature
appropriately according to its significance.
•Compare and evaluate each item of the
literature.
•Provide topic sentences at the beginning of
paragraphs.
•Summarize sentences at the end of each
section to help the reader understand the
main issues.
Characteristics of a good literature review.
• Delimits clearly the subject matter to be reviewed.
• Covers all important relevant literature.
• Is up-to-date
• Provides an insightful analysis of the ideas and
conclusions of the literature.
• Points out similarities and differences, and strengths
and weaknesses in the literature.
• Identifies gaps in the literature for future research
Clarifies the context for which the literature is
important
Wilson (1990) identified four (4) types
of reading. These are:
1. Elementary reading. This is the basic
type of reading. It consists merely of
recognizing the words and the literal
comprehension of the sentences. The
comprehension skill must be developed
because it is a prerequisite in research.
Without comprehending what one reads,
it will be difficult to have a good analysis
and synthesis of informtion.
2. Systematic skimming.
The researcher can gloss over
the bold, underlined, or
italicized terms in the first
and middle paragraphs as
well as in the conclusion for
the main idea or concept.
3. Analytic reading. After selecting the
article or book through skimming, the
researcher does analytical reading.
Ample time is required for this. The
article is examined paragraph by
paragraph, a paragraph is dissected
sentence by sentence, and a sentence
is read word by word.
Through this process, the researcher
has an intimate communion with the
author of the article or book. It is time for
annotations and asking the basic “5Ws
and 1H” questions.
4. Comparative reading. This
is the highest level of reading,
in which the researcher
analyzes several articles or
books. At this point, the
concepts and principles from
the various points of view of
authors are compared and
contrasted
CONDUCTING A REVIEW
OF LITERATURE
It involves three steps:
1. Looking for relevant materials – materials relevant to
the research are those that carry information about the
topic or variables of the study. These materials can be
found in the library, on the internet, or even at home.
Systematic skimming can be conducted to identify related
literature or studies.
2. Actual reading – once the relevant materials are
gathered, actual reading through analytical reading and
comparative reading should be done.
3. Note-taking – it can help the researcher in the actual
analysis of the literature read. The output comes in the form
of written key terminologies and phrases or sentences.
Using a note-taking format like the example below can
facilitate the management of information.
Variable: ________________________________________

Facts/Information: ________________________________

Reference: ______________________________________
TOOLS FOR READING AND REVIEW
1. Highlighting – it uses marks and symbols to facilitate
the reading process. The marks aid the researcher in
discovering or contrasts of ideas and remembering
the location of important key terms, phrases,
sentences and paragraphs.
Legend:
Underlined – important ideas
Boxed – words, phrases, or images that need further
analysis
Question Mark(?) – containing passages, need further
clarification
Encircled – words, ideas or images related to other
concepts
Lines and arrows – shows connections
Numberings – ideas in sequence
Two vertical lines – key portions of the paragraphs
Stars – particularly important ideas
2. Annotations – these are
remarks, ideas, and opinions
the researcher writes during
the analysis and synthesis of
related materials or sources.
They are usually utilized when
doing both analytical reading
and comparative reading.

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