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This document summarizes several architectural enhancements in computer organization. It discusses superscalar architecture which allows a CPU to execute multiple instructions concurrently through multiple pipelines. It also covers out-of-order execution which improves processor efficiency by filling slots with ready instructions when data is unavailable. Additionally, it mentions multi-core processors which contain two or more independent processing units, NUMA architecture where memory access times depend on location, and vector processing which is key to supercomputer performance by performing operations on arrays in parallel. Finally, it briefly introduces GPUs which render graphics through parallel operations.

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332 views

Coa

This document summarizes several architectural enhancements in computer organization. It discusses superscalar architecture which allows a CPU to execute multiple instructions concurrently through multiple pipelines. It also covers out-of-order execution which improves processor efficiency by filling slots with ready instructions when data is unavailable. Additionally, it mentions multi-core processors which contain two or more independent processing units, NUMA architecture where memory access times depend on location, and vector processing which is key to supercomputer performance by performing operations on arrays in parallel. Finally, it briefly introduces GPUs which render graphics through parallel operations.

Uploaded by

shubhampawar404043
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Architectural Enhancement In

Computer Oraganization
Presented by
Gayatri Kamble (16EE5074)
Pratiksha Baviskar(16EE1143)

Department of Electronics Engineering


Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology,
Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Outline

introduction
- superscalar architecture
- out of order execution
- multi-core processor
- NUMA
- vector computation
- GPU

2
Introduction
What is computer
architecture?
•computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that
describe the the functionality, organization, and implementation
of Computer systems.
• In other definitions computer architecture involves instruction
set.
• Architecure design, micro-architecture design , logic design and
implementation.

4
Superscalar architecture
•Superscalar architecture is method of parallel computing
used in many processors.
•In Superscalar computer , the CPU manages multiple
instruction pipelines to execute several instructions
concurrently during a clock cycle.
•To successfully implement a superscalar architecture,
the CPU’s instruction fetching mechanism must
intelligently retrieve and delete instructions.

5 Introduction
What is out of order execution?

• Most modern CPU designs include support for


out-of -order execution.
• The key concept of out of order processing is to
allow the Proccesor to avoid a class of delays
that occur when the data needed to perform an
operation are unavailable.
• Out of order execution fill these ‘slots’ in time
with other instructions that are ready .

6
Multi-core processor
• Multicore processor Is single computing
component with two or more
independent processing units called
cores , which read and execute program
instructions.
• As the rate of clock speed improvement
slowed, increased use of parallel
computing in form of multi-core
processors has been persued to
improve overall processing
performance.

7
Non uniform memory
access(NUMA)
•It is type of parallel processing architecture in
which each processor has its own local memory,but
can also access memory owned by other
processors.
•Under NUMA a processor can access its own local
memory faster than non local memory faster than
non local memory.

8
Vector computation
•The key to design of a supercomputer or
array processor is to recognize that the main
task is to perform arithmetic operations on
arrays or vectors of floating point numbers.
•One approach to improving performance
can be referred to as vector processing.

9
GPU (Graphics processing
unit)
•The GPU renders images, animations and video
for the computer's screen.
•A GPU performs parallel operations. Although it is
used for 2D data as well as for zooming and
panning the screen.
•GPU is essential for smooth decoding and 3D
animations and video.

10
Thank You

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