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Direct and Indirect Speech Presentation

Direct and indirect speech are used to report someone's words to another person. Direct speech reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech changes elements like tense and pronouns. There are three types: statements, commands, and questions. For statements, the word "that" is used to connect the reported words. For commands, "to" or "not to" is used. For questions, question words or "if/whether" are used and the question changes to a statement. Changes also occur for words like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses.

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580 views8 pages

Direct and Indirect Speech Presentation

Direct and indirect speech are used to report someone's words to another person. Direct speech reports the exact words spoken, while indirect speech changes elements like tense and pronouns. There are three types: statements, commands, and questions. For statements, the word "that" is used to connect the reported words. For commands, "to" or "not to" is used. For questions, question words or "if/whether" are used and the question changes to a statement. Changes also occur for words like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses.

Uploaded by

angginchan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech are sentence words that are spoken


directly by the speaker .
Indirect Speech is a sentence that is spoken to report
the speaker’s words to another person . So, Indirect
Speech is used if we want to report words to other
people directly .

Direct and Indirect Speech consists of 3 types :


I. Statement ( Pernyataan )
II. Command ( Perintah )
III. Question ( Pertanyaan )
Changes needed from Direct to
Indirect Speech
1. To be & Auxiliary
Direct Indirect
Am / is / are - was / were
Shall/will - should / would
Can - could
May - might
Must
Have / has to - had to
Ought to
2. Time & place ( keterangan waktu & tempat )

Direct : Indirect :

Now - then
Tomorrow - the following day
Next week - the following week
Tonight - that night
today - that day
Yesterday - the day before
Last night - the night before
Last week - the week before
Here - there
This - that
These - those
3. Tenses
Direct : Indirect :
Simple present - simple past
Simple past
Present perfect - past perfect
Present continous - past continous
Present perfect continous - past perfect
continous
Simple future - past future
I. STATEMENT
in the Indirect Statement we use the word that
(that) as a liaison between the introductory
sentence ( reported phrase ) and the words
reported . The introductory sentence in the
indirect statement are :
He said
He said to me that + reported words
Example :
- My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”
- My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.
2. Command
The command is divided into 2 parts , namely :
1. Positive command
In a positive command we add to the front of the
command sentence , as a link between the
introductory sentence and the reported
command. The introductory sentences in this
type are :
To + infinitive
He asked me
Example :
- He asked me “open your book”
- He asked me to open my book
2. Negative command
In the negative command we add notes not to the
front of the reported command.
Example :
-Mary told John “don’t wait for me”
-Mary told John not to wait for her

-- I told him “don’t mention it to anyone”


- I told him not to mention it to anyone
3. Question
If Direct questions use question word like : where , when,
why, what, who , how, etc ., then these words are used as a
link in reported speech . The question reported changed
to a positive from. The introductory sentence is :
Example:
-John asked Mary : “why do you get angry with me?”
-John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
If the direct question doesn’t use question words, and is
only a question in the from of “yes & no question”, then
we use if words, whether ( if, what ) as the link between
the introductory sentence and the reported question.
Example :
-The teacher asked her : “have you finish your
homework?”
-The teacher asked her If she had finished her homework.

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