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Introduction To Microcontrollers: Dr. Konstantinos Tatas

This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers. It discusses the key components of microprocessors and microcontrollers, including the CPU, I/O, bus, memory, timers and interrupts. The main differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers are that microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip, have fixed and limited memory and I/O, are designed for control applications requiring low cost, power and space, and have instruction sets focused on control and bit-level operations. Popular microcontrollers include the 8051, PIC and AVR families. Review questions ask about the differences in architecture, applications and instruction sets between microprocessors and microcontrollers. Examples calculate efficiency in terms of MIPS, MIPS/mW and M

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Sadam Memon
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231 views

Introduction To Microcontrollers: Dr. Konstantinos Tatas

This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers. It discusses the key components of microprocessors and microcontrollers, including the CPU, I/O, bus, memory, timers and interrupts. The main differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers are that microcontrollers have these components integrated onto a single chip, have fixed and limited memory and I/O, are designed for control applications requiring low cost, power and space, and have instruction sets focused on control and bit-level operations. Popular microcontrollers include the 8051, PIC and AVR families. Review questions ask about the differences in architecture, applications and instruction sets between microprocessors and microcontrollers. Examples calculate efficiency in terms of MIPS, MIPS/mW and M

Uploaded by

Sadam Memon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1

Introduction to Microcontrollers

Dr. Konstantinos Tatas

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 1


Frederick University
Components of a
microprocessor/controller
• CPU: Central Processing Unit
• I/O: Input /Output
• Bus: Address bus & Data bus
• Memory: RAM & ROM
• Timer
• Interrupt
• Serial Port
• Parallel Port
ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 2
Frederick University
General-purpose microprocessor:

• CPU for Computers


• Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself

Many chips on motherboard


Data Bus
CPU
General-
Serial
Purpose RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
Micro- Port
Port
processor
Address Bus

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 3


Frederick University
Microcontroller :

• A single-chip computer
• On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
• Example：Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC
16X

CPU RAM ROM


A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM
Port
Port
Microcontroller

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 4


Frederick University
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer
ROM, I/O, timer are separate are all on a single chip
• designer can decide on the • fixed amount of on-chip ROM,
amount of ROM, RAM and RAM, I/O ports
I/O ports.
• for applications in which cost,
• expensive power and space are critical
• versatility
• single-purpose (control-oriented)
• general-purpose
• Low processing power
• High processing power
• High power consumption • Low power consumption
• Instruction sets focus on • Bit-level operations
processing-intensive • Instruction sets focus on control
operations and bit-level operations
• Typically 32/64 – bit • Typically 8/16 bit
• Typically deep pipeline (5-20 • Typically single-cycle/two-stage
stages)
pipeline
ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 5
Frederick University
Some Popular Microcontrollers…
• 8051
• Microchip Technology PIC
• Atmel AVR
• Texas Instruments MSP430 (16-bit)

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 6


Frederick University
Review questions
• What are the main differences between a
microprocessor and a microcontroller in
terms of
– Architecture
– Applications
– Instruction set

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 7


Frederick University
Example
• A uP running at 600 MHz has an average
CPI of 1.2 and a average power
consumption of 400 mW, while a uC
running at 12 MHz with a two cycle
datapath has a power consumption of 24
mW.
– Calculate their respective MIPS
– Which one is more efficient in MIPS/mW?

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 8


Frederick University
Example 2
• The previous uP costs 100$, while the
respective uC costs 0.96 $
– Which is more efficient in MIPS/$?

ACOE343 - Real-Time Embedded Processor Systems - 9


Frederick University

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