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Reported Speech: Intermediate Level

Reported speech is used to tell what someone said but without using their exact words. There are some typical changes made such as changing verb tenses and pronouns. For example, direct speech would be "I am going now" while reported speech is "She said that she was going then." Other changes include time/place words and reporting commands and questions indirectly rather than directly.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
334 views14 pages

Reported Speech: Intermediate Level

Reported speech is used to tell what someone said but without using their exact words. There are some typical changes made such as changing verb tenses and pronouns. For example, direct speech would be "I am going now" while reported speech is "She said that she was going then." Other changes include time/place words and reporting commands and questions indirectly rather than directly.

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mawatataru
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REPORTED 

SPEECH

Intermediate Level
When do we use it?
REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what 
someone said. Yet, we do not repeat all the words 
exactly.
REAL WORDS (direct speech): 
Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this afternoon.”

REPORTED SPEECH:
Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon.
Changes

 Types of changes:
1. Verb Tenses
2. Time and place adverbial expressions
3. Logical change of pronouns

 EXAMPLE
 DIRECT: Mary said: “They are seeing me tomorrow”
 REPORTED: Mary said that they were seeing her the 
following day
Verb Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH  REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT       • PAST
 We study                                                   
• She said that they studied
       
• She said that they were studying
 We are studying                                   

PAST               • PAST PERFECT
 We studied                                               
• She said that they had studied
   
• She said that they had been studying
 We were studying                           

• CONDITIONAL
FUTURE         • She said that they would study
 We will study                                          
     
List of Verb Changes
TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
She said that she played tennis with her 
PRESENT SIMPLE I play tennis with my friends
friends
PRESENT  I am playing tennis with my  She said that she was playing tennis with 
CONTINUOUS friends her friends

PRESENT PERFECT  I have played tennis with my  She said that she had played tennis with 


SIMPLE friends her friends

PRESENT PERFECT  I have been playing tennis  She said that she had been playing  


CONTINUOUS with my friends tennis with her friends

I played tennis with my  She said that she had played tennis with 
PAST SIMPLE
friends her friends

I were playing tennis with my  She said that she had been playing tennis 
PAST CONTINUOUS
friends with her friends

PAST PERFECT  I had played tennis with my  She said that she had played tennis with 


SIMPLE friends her friends

PAST PERFECT  I had been playing tennis  She said that she had been playing  


CONTINUOUS with my friends tennis with her friends

I will play tennis with my  She said that they would play tennis 
FUTURE SIMPLE
friends with her friends
Changes in Modals

DIRECT REPORTED
SPEECH SPEECH
CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST / HAVE TO MUST /  HAD TO
WILL WOULD
Time and Place Adverb Change
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday The previous day / the day before 
Last week The previous week / the week before
A __________ ago The previous ______ / the _____ before
The following day / the day after / the next 
Tomorrow
day
Next ___________ The following ________ / the _______ after
Here There
This That 
These Those
Reported statements
Pay attention to the changes mentioned before.
'That‘ can be omited with “TELL & SAY”:
She told him that he was a fool.
She told him he was a fool.
She said that I was right
She said I was right
Remember not to use inverted commas.
Observe that when you use TELL, you must 
mention “the person you’re speaking to”
John said: “Ann, I’m very happy.”
John told Ann that he was very happy.
Reported questions

Same changes as for statements.

In “REPORTED QUESTIONS” we do not have a 
question structure, now we have a “statement”
 Suject + verb + complements
 Paul asked: “Are you coming to the party tonight, Jane?”
 Paul asked Jane if  she was coming to the party that night.

 Types of questions:
1. YES/NO QUESTIONS: IF / WHETHER + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
Paul asked : "Do you play volleyball?" 
Paul asked me whether (or if) I played volleyball.

2. WH­ QUESTION : WH­ + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
John asked: "When do you play badminton?" 
John asked me when I played badminton.
Reported commands
Same basic changes as statements

Basic introductory verb: TELL

The IMPERATIVE verbal form turns into 
 TO + “INFINITIVE” (Affirmative) 
 NOT + TO + “INFINITIVE” (Negative)

Examples.­
 “Come here” He told me  He told me to go there
 Father: "Do your homework!“  Father told me to do my 
homework.
 Teacher. "Don't talk to your mate!"  The teacher told me 
not to talk to my mate.
Other verbs used for the IMPERATIVE:
ORDER (ordenar)
  "Get out of the car!" said the policeman. 
 The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.

ASK (Pedir)
 "Could you please be quiet," she said. 
 She asked me to be quiet.

WARN (advertir)
 The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!“ 
 The man with the gun warned us not to move.

 We can also use:
 INVITE (Invitar),
 BEG (Suplicar),
 FORBID (Prohibir)
Suggestions:
 We use a that­clause introduced by “suggest”.
 'That' y 'should' are optional in these cases:
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?" 
She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. 
She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.

 Other verbs we can use:
 Insist
 "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother. 
 My mother insisted that I see the dentist
 Recommend 
 The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush". 
 The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.

Notes:
Suggest can be followed by V­ing:
I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist. 
HOPES, INTENTIONS, PROMISES

 In these cases we would use a “reporting verb”


related to the meaning, followed by that-clause
o to-infinitive:
 "I'll pay you the money tomorrow.“ 
 He promised to pay me the money the next day.
 He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.

 Other verbs that follow this structure:


 Hope (Tener esperanza)
  "We should arrive in London before nightfall.“
 They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
 They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall. 
 Threaten (Amenazar)
 "Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!”
 He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
 He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe. 
 Swear (Jurar)
 "I swear it!  I'll be back by lunchtime.”
 He sweared to be back by lunchtime.
 He sweared that he would be back by lunchtime. 
Some reporting verbs.

IF /  THAT +  THAT+ 


THAT +  Object + 
WHETHER  sentence or  sentence or 
sentence infinitive
+ sentence infinitive should

ASK ANSWE CLAIM ADVISE ADVISE


REMEM R PROMIS BEG ASK
BER BOAST E DEMAN BEG
SAY COMPL THREAT D INVITE
AIN EN RECOM ORDER
DENY MEN SHOUT
REPLY D WARN
SAY SUGGE
SUGGE ST
ST
TELL
WARN

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