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Force Methods - Consistent Deformation

This document discusses the consistent deformation method, also known as the force or flexibility method, for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. It provides the following key points: 1. The method involves removing redundant restraints to make the structure determinate, finding the deformations at these points, and writing equations relating the deformations. 2. It can be used to analyze structures with single or double indeterminacy, such as single-story frames with unusual geometry. 3. The procedure involves determining the redundant forces, sketching the deflected shape, calculating deformations, writing compatibility equations, and solving to find reactions. 4. Examples provided demonstrate using the method to solve for support reactions on an

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3K views

Force Methods - Consistent Deformation

This document discusses the consistent deformation method, also known as the force or flexibility method, for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. It provides the following key points: 1. The method involves removing redundant restraints to make the structure determinate, finding the deformations at these points, and writing equations relating the deformations. 2. It can be used to analyze structures with single or double indeterminacy, such as single-story frames with unusual geometry. 3. The procedure involves determining the redundant forces, sketching the deflected shape, calculating deformations, writing compatibility equations, and solving to find reactions. 4. Examples provided demonstrate using the method to solve for support reactions on an

Uploaded by

Shakira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORCE (FLEXIBILITY)

METHOD
- CONSISTENT DEFORMATION METHOD & 3 MOMENT EQUATION
- BY SALINAH DULLAH
INTRODUCTIONS

• A general formulation of force (flexibility) method called


the method of consistent deformations for the analysis of
statically indeterminate structures.
• Introduced by James C. Maxwell in 1864. essentially
involves removing enough restraints from indeterminate
structure to render it statically determinate.
• This determinate structure, which must be statically
stable, is referred to as the primary structure. The excess
restraints removed from the given indeterminate
structure to convert it into the determinate primary
structure are called redundant restraints and the
reactions or internal forces associated with these
restraints are termed redundant.
INTRODUCTION

• For determinate structures, the force method allows


us to find internal forces (using equilibrium i.e. based
on Statics) irrespective of the material information.
Material (stress-strain) relationships are needed only
to calculate deflections.
• However, for indeterminate structures , Statics
(equilibrium) alone is not sufficient to conduct
structural analysis. Compatibility and material
information are essential.
INTRODUCTION

Indeterminate Structures
• Number of unknown Reactions or Internal forces >
Number of equilibrium equations
• Note: Most structures in the real world are statically
indeterminate.

Advantages Disadvantages
•Smaller deflections •Complex connections
•Larger safety factor •Initial / Residual / Settlement Stresses
•Greater rigidity
•Less material => Less Cost
INTRODUCTION

• When comparing statically indeterminate structures


with statically determinate structures, the first
consideration for most engineers is likely the cost.
• However, making a general economic statement
favoring one type of the structure over another is
impossible without reservation.
• Each structure present a different and unique
situation, and all factor must be considered-
economic or otherwise.
• In general, statically indeterminate structures have
the following advantages as mentioned in the
previous slides.
FORCE METHOD

Methods of Analysis
Structural Analysis requires that the equations
governing the following physical relationships be
satisfied
(i) Equilibrium of forces and moments
(ii) Compatibility of deformation among members
and at supports
(iii) Material behavior relating stresses with strains
(iv) Strain-displacement relations
(v) Boundary Conditions
FORCE METHOD

Primarily two types of methods of analysis:


Force (Flexibility) Method Displacement (Stiffness) Method
•Convert the indeterminate structure • Express local (member) force-
to a determinate one by removing displacement relationships in terms of
some unknown forces / support unknown member displacements.
reactions and replacing them with • Using equilibrium of assembled
(assumed) known / unit forces. members, find unknown
•Using superposition, calculate the displacements.
force that would be required to • Unknowns are usually displacements
achieve compatibility with the original Coefficients of the unknowns are
structure. "Stiffness" coefficients.
•Unknowns to be solved for are usually
redundant forces
•Coefficients of the unknowns in
equations to be solved are "flexibility"
coefficients.
METHOD OF CONSISTENT
DEFORMATION

• Method of consistent deformation is very useful for


solving problems involving statically indeterminate
frames for single story and unusual geometry.

• Problems involving multistory frames, or with high


indeterminacy are best solved using the slope
deflection or moment distribution or the stiffness
methods
METHOD OF CONSISTENT
DEFORMATION
• The method of consistent deformations, or
sometimes referred to as the force or flexibility
method, is one of the several techniques available
to analyze indeterminate structures. The following is
the procedure that describes the concept of this
method for analyzing externally indeterminate
structures with single or double degrees of
indeterminacy.
METHOD OF CONSISTENT
DEFORMATION
• Determine the structure is indeterminate structure
• determine the degree of indeterminacy
• select redundants
• remove restraints at the redundants
• sketch deflected shape
• calculate deformations at redundants
• write consistent deformation equations
• solve deformation equations
• determine support reactions
• draw resultant structural diagrams
EXAMPLE 1

Determine the
support reactions
on the frame
shown.
EI is constant
QUESTION

Using Consistent 11

Deformation
Method and
Virtual Work
method, 6m
5m
determine
support reactions
on the frame
shown.
EI is constant
SOLUTION

• Once it is determine
That the structure is
indeterminate
structure
• the frame is
indeterminate
to the first degree
(based on calculation)
SOLUTION

• We will choose the


horizontal reaction at
support B as the
redundant.
• The pin at B is
replaced by the roller,
since a roller will not
constraint B in the
horizontal direction.
SOLUTION
SOLUTION

• Compatibility Equation

“next slides”
EXAMPLE 2 (BEAM)

Support B
settles by 1.5 in.
Find the
reactions
of the beam.
Solution

-Determine the structure


is indeterminate structure
-determine the degree of indeterminacy
-select redundants
-remove restraints at the redundants
-sketch deflected shape
-calculate deformations at redundants
-write consistent deformation equations
-solve deformation equations
-determine support reactions
-draw resultant structural diagrams
y

Refer table beam deflections & slopes

y (x)
Solution
TRUSSES

• The degree of indeterminacy of a truss can be find


using Equation b+r > 2j.
where b = unknown bar forces, r = support
reactions, 2j = equations of equilibrium
• This method is quite suitable for analyzing trusses
that are statically indeterminate to the first or
second degree.
EXAMPLE 3

Determine the force


in member AC of the
truss shown. AE is same
for all members.
INDETERMINATE FRAME

• For Frame

r> 3n
3m + r > 3j + ec

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