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Relations: Concept of A Relation Reflexive Relation Symmetric Relation Transitive Relation Equivalence Relation

This document discusses relations and properties of relations such as reflexive, symmetric, and transitive relations. It provides examples of each type of relation and discusses equivalence relations, which are relations that are reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The document concludes with practice exercises asking the reader to identify properties of specific relations and determine if they are equivalence relations.

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33 views

Relations: Concept of A Relation Reflexive Relation Symmetric Relation Transitive Relation Equivalence Relation

This document discusses relations and properties of relations such as reflexive, symmetric, and transitive relations. It provides examples of each type of relation and discusses equivalence relations, which are relations that are reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The document concludes with practice exercises asking the reader to identify properties of specific relations and determine if they are equivalence relations.

Uploaded by

albert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIONS

CONCEPT OF A RELATION
REFLEXIVE RELATION
SYMMETRIC RELATION
TRANSITIVE RELATION
EQUIVALENCE RELATION
To demonstrate/prove that a given
Relation is an equivalence relation
• CONCEPT OF A RELATION R
Let A and B be sets, then AxB = {(a,b): a∈A and
b ∈ B}. Thus a set of ordered pairs : (a,b). So
by a Relation R on A and B we mean a subset
of AxB. If A=B then a Relation R on A is the
subset of AxA
Examples of Relations
• Given that A={1,2,3,4}. Define a Relation R on
A such that (x,y) ∈ R if
a) x<y b) x=y c) y=3 d) x and y are both odd
Solution:
a) R = { (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (2,3) (2,4) (3,4)}
Properties of Relations
• Reflexive
– Let R be a relation on a set A. Suppose that for all
a Є A, (a; a) Є R. Then we say that R is reflexive.
Symmetric
• Suppose that for all a; b Є A, (b; a) Є R whenever (a;
b) ЄR. Then we say that R is symmetric.
Transitive
• Suppose that for all a; b; c Є A, (a; c) Є R whenever
(a; b) Є R and (b; c) Є R. Then we say that R is
transitive.
Equivalence Relation
• An Equivalence Relation is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive
• A relation R on Z is defined by writing (x,y) Є
R if the Integer x – y is a multiple of 2.
• Prove that R is an equivalence relation.
Equivalence classes
Practice Exercises
1. Given a Relation R={(1.1), (1,2), (2,2)}. Is R
reflexive? The answer is YES but why is it so?
2. Let A = {1,2,3}. State relation properties of
a) R={(1,2), (2,1), (1,1), (2,2)}
b) R={(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}
c) R={(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2)}
3. A relation R is defined by writing (p,q) Є R if the
integer p-q is a multiple of 3. Investigate
whether R is an equivalence relation or not.

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