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Positional Number Systems

The document discusses different positional number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that in a positional number system, each digit position has a weight associated with it that is a power of the base. For decimal, the base is 10 and the weights are powers of 10. For binary, the base is 2 and the weights are powers of 2. It provides methods for converting between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers including dividing or multiplying by the base to obtain digits one by one from the integer or fractional part.

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hymajanapana
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19 views

Positional Number Systems

The document discusses different positional number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that in a positional number system, each digit position has a weight associated with it that is a power of the base. For decimal, the base is 10 and the weights are powers of 10. For binary, the base is 2 and the weights are powers of 2. It provides methods for converting between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers including dividing or multiplying by the base to obtain digits one by one from the integer or fractional part.

Uploaded by

hymajanapana
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Positional Number Systems

Decimal, Binary, Octal and


Hexadecimal Numbers
Wakerly Section 2.1-2.3
Positional Number Systems
• The traditional number
system is called a
positional number system. 6354  6 *1000  3 *100  5 *10  4
• A number is represented
as a string of digits. p 1
• Each digit position has a D   di 10 i
weight assoc. with it.
i 0
• Number’s value = a
weighted sum of the digits
Fractions: Weights that are
Negative Powers of 10

1 2
425.97  4 *10  2 *10  5 *10  9 *10  7 *10
2 1 0

p 1
D  d 10
i  n
i
i
Binary Numbers
p 1
B b 2
i  n
i
i

100101.0011

• The “base” is 2 instead of 10


• Meaning: the weights are powers
of 2 instead of powers of 10.
• Digits are called “bits,” for “binary
digits.”
Quiz
Convert the following binary numbers to
decimal:

•1011011.0110
•00110.11001
Octal and Hexadecimal (“Hex”)
Numbers

• Octal = base 8
• Hexadecimal = base 16
– Use A – F to represent the values 10 through 16
in each position.
Decimal Binary Octal Hex
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Usefulness of Octal and Hex
Numbers
• Useful for representing multibit binary
numbers because their radices are integer
multiples of 2.

10 0101 1010 1111 . 1011 1112 = 2 5 A F . B E16


Quiz: Convert from Binary to
Octal:

•1 101 011 110 111


•11 011.101 1
Decimal-to-Radix-r Conversions
• Radix-r-to-decimal conversions are easy
since we do arithmetic in decimal.
• However, decimal-to-radix-r conversions
using decimal arithmetic is harder.
• To do the latter conversion, we convert the
integer and fractional parts separately and
add the results afterwards.
Decimal-to-Radix-r Conversions:
Integer Part
• Successively divide number by r, taking remainder as
result.
• Example: Convert 5710 to binary.
57 / 2 = 28 remainder 1 (LSB)
/2 = 14 remainder 0 Ans: 1110012
/2 = 7 remainder 0
/2 = 3 remainder 1
/2 = 1 remainder 1
/2 = 0 remainder 1 (MSB)
Decimal-to-Radix-r Conversions:
Fractional Part
• Successively multiply number by r, taking integer part as
result and chopping off integer part before next iteration.
• May be unending!
• Example: convert .310 to binary.

.3 * 2 = .6 integer part = 0
 
Ans = .01001
.6 * 2 = 1.2 integer part = 1
.2 * 2 = .4 integer part = 0
.4 * 2 = .8 integer part = 0
.8 * 2 = 1.6 integer part = 1
.6 * 2 = 1.2 integer part = 1, etc.
Quiz

Convert from decimal to binary:

•0.5
•73.426
•290.9

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