Differences between

Operational Database Systems

and Data Warehouses

1 January 19, 2019

2 January 19, 2019
 Database vs Data Warehouse
Database Data Warehouse
• Transaction Oriented • Subject oriented
• For saving online bargain data • For saving historical data
• E-R modeling techniques are used for
designing • Data modeling techniques
• Capture data are used for designing.
• Constitute real time information • Analyze data
• Constitute entire
information base for all
time.
4 January 19, 2019
Data Processing Technologies
• OLTP (on-line transaction
processing)
Data
- The major task is to perform on-line
Processing
transaction and query processing.
Technologies
Covers most of the day-to-day
operations of an organization.

• OLAP(On-Line Analytical
Processing)
OLTP OLAP
- Serve knowledge workers(users) in
the role of data analysis and
decision making.
- Organize and present data in various
formats to accommodate the diverse
needs of the different users.
 Data Warehouse vs. Operational DBMS

• OLTP (on-line transaction processing)

– Major task of traditional relational DBMS

– Day-to-day operations: purchasing, inventory, banking, manufacturing,

payroll, registration, accounting, etc.

• OLAP (on-line analytical processing)

– Major task of data warehouse system

– Data analysis and decision making

6 January 19, 2019

 Data Warehouse vs. Operational DBMS

• Distinct features (OLTP vs. OLAP):

– User and system orientation: customer vs. market

– Data contents: current, detailed vs. historical, consolidated

– Database design: ER + application vs. star + subject

– View: current, local vs. evolutionary, integrated

– Access patterns: read and update vs.read-only but complex queries

7 January 19, 2019

 OLTP (On-line Transaction Processing)
• is characterized by a large number of short on-line transactions (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).

• Operational DBMS is used to deal with the everyday running of one aspect of an
enterprise.

• In OLTP database there is detailed and current data, and schema used to store transactional
databases is the ERmodel (usually 3NF).
OLAP (On-line Analytical Processing)
• is characterized by relatively low volume of transactions.

• Queries are often very complex and involve aggregations.

• OLAP applications are widely used by Data Mining

techniques.

• In OLAP database there is aggregated, historical data,

stored in multi-dimensional schemas (usually star
schema).
 What are the differences between...

OLTP vs OLAP
Why would an organization need an OLAP?

Ask me what's Ask me what will

happeing happen

OLTP OLA P

OLTP OLAP
OnLine Transaction Processing OnLine Analytical Processing
OLTP
OLTP's are operational systems which help execute and record the
day to day operations of a business

Houses the original source of the data

Control and Run fundamental business tasks

Snapshot of on-going business process

Constant modifications to data input by end users

OLTP
Simple queries performed to yield non-complex records

Quick processing speeds to keep up with daily

transactions

Highly normalized with many tables

 OLTP
With all of the information and transactions the OLTP
system is required to handle, utilizing the system to run
complex queries can put an extreme an unnecessary
load onto the system.

(This can in turn cause detrimental lags in the

daily
OLTP 'transaction' functionality, which the OLTP is
designed to run)

Back ups must be done frequently as data loss in your

OLTP can lead to Monetary and
Legal complications.
OLAP
• OLAP's are data warehouses which leverage data acquired from OLTP
systems to help organzations make better decisions

• Consolidation of data from OLTP system(s)

• Helps with Planning, Problem Solving, and making Decis

• Multi_Dimensional views of business activities

OLA P Periodic Refreshes made to upload data from OLTP

system(s)

Allows for the execution of complex queries

(aggregations)

Processing speed can vary depending on system structure

More often de-normalized with fewer tables, cubes

utilized
OLAP

OLAP's are comprised of all necessary data from

your OLTP system, where it is structured and
aggregated to allow for detail intensive queries to be
performed.

Highly Visual Reports can be extracted and

OLAP presented in a manner fit for end users

A great benefit of an OLAP system is the potential for

the system to be utilized as a 'backup' of the OLTP by
regularly reloading the data from the OLTP to OLAP.
16 January 19, 2019
 OLTP vs. OLAP
OLTP OLAP
users clerk, IT professional knowledge worker
function day to day operations decision support
DB design application-oriented subject-oriented
data current, up-to-date historical,
detailed, flat relational summarized, multidimensional
isolated integrated, consolidated
usage repetitive ad-hoc
access read/write lots of scans
index/hash on prim. key
unit of work short, simple transaction complex query
# records accessed tens millions
#users thousands hundreds
DB size 100MB-GB 100GB-TB
metric transaction throughput query throughput, response
January 19, 2019 17
 Application-Orientation vs. Subject-Orientation

Application-Orientation Subject-Orientation

Operational Data
Database Warehouse

Credit
Loans Customer
Card
Vendor
Product
Trust

Savings Activity
18 January 19, 2019
 To summarize ...

 OLTP Systems are

used to “run” a business

 The Data Warehouse helps

to “optimize” the business

19 January 19, 2019

 OLAP & Its operations
OLAP is a category of software that allows users to analyze
information from multiple database systems at the same time.

It is a technology that enables analysts to extract and view business

data from different points of view.
 OLAP server
• The chief component of datawarehouse process is the
OLAP server.

• Sits between a client and a database management

systems (DBMS).

• Online Analytical Processing Server (OLAP) is based on

the multidimensional data model.

• Data can be imported from existing relational databases

to create a multidimensional database for OLAP.

• It allows managers, and analysts to get an insight of the

information through fast, consistent, and interactive
access.
 Cubes

• The data structures used in the OLAP are

multidimensional data cubes or OLAP cubes:

• Cube is a data structure that can be imagined as

multi-dimensional spreadsheet.

• Take a spreadsheet, put year on columns,

product on rows – that’s two-dimensional cube.
 Typical OLAP Operations
• Roll up (drill-up): summarize data
– by climbing up hierarchy or by dimension reduction (Eg. City->country)
• Drill down (roll down): reverse of roll-up
– Navigate from higher level summary to lower level summary or detailed data, or
introducing new dimensions (Eg. Quarter -> Month)
• Slice and dice:
– project and select
• Pivot (rotate):
– reorient the cube, visualization, 3D to series of 2D planes.

January 19, 2019 Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques 24

 Roll up (drill-up)
• The roll-up operation (also
called drill-up or aggregation
operation) performs
aggregation on a data cube,
either by climbing up a
concept hierarchy for a
dimension
• i.e. dimension reduction.
Roll down (drill-down)
The roll down operation (also called
drill down) is the reverse of roll up.
It navigates from less detailed data to
more detailed data.
It can be realized by either stepping
down a concept hierarchy for a
dimension or
introducing additional dimensions.
Slice
Slice performs a selection on one dimension of the given cube, thus
resulting in a subcube.
 Dice
The dice operation defines
a subcube by performing a
selection on two or more
dimensions.
Reduces the number of
member values of one or
more dimensions.
 Pivot

• Rotates the data axis to view the data from

different perspectives.
• Groups data with different dimensions.