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MIS 21 - Introduction To Applications Development

XML allows for storing and describing data using simple text files through tags. It is software and hardware independent. An XML document contains nodes like elements, attributes, and text. Elements can contain other elements or text. Attributes provide alternative storage of data in an element's opening tag. The document is loaded, elements are accessed and can be displayed, added, updated, or deleted before saving changes.

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Joseph Jeremy
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58 views

MIS 21 - Introduction To Applications Development

XML allows for storing and describing data using simple text files through tags. It is software and hardware independent. An XML document contains nodes like elements, attributes, and text. Elements can contain other elements or text. Attributes provide alternative storage of data in an element's opening tag. The document is loaded, elements are accessed and can be displayed, added, updated, or deleted before saving changes.

Uploaded by

Joseph Jeremy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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XML

MIS 21 – Introduction to Applications Development


Outline
XML intro
XML Document
XML & C#
 Load,Display, Add, Update, Delete,
Create
XML
 Stands for Extensible Markup Language
 Allowsusers to store and describe data
using simple text files through the use of
tags.
 Is software and hardware independent
 Makes data more available to any system or any
platform that can read text files
XML Document
 Refers to a complete set of data in XML
format
 Contains
nodes, referring to different parts
of an XML document
 Different kinds of nodes
 XML Declaration
 XML Elements
 Text within XML Elements
 Attributes
XML Document
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> Declaration
<playlist genre="90's Grunge">
<song>
Attributes
<title>Porch</title>
<artist>Pearl Jam</artist> name="…"
<album>Ten</album>
</song> Elements
<song>
<title>Crackerman</title> <…> value </…>
<artist>Stone Temple Pilots</artist>
<album>Core</album>
</song> Text within
</playlist> elements
XML Declaration
Occurs in every XML document
Contains what version of XML is used,
encoding, and any other part related to
the particular XML document
Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>


XML Element
 Contains an opening tag, data, and closing tag
<artist>Pearl Jam</artist>

 Tags are case sensitive


 Can contain other elements but tags of all sub-
elements must be closed before parent element is
closed <item>
<song>Porch</song>
<artist>Pearl Jam</artist>
<album>Ten</album>
</item>
Attributes
Alternative
place to store data instead
of XML element body
Placedin the opening tag of an XML
element
Should have a name, an =, and the
data enclosed in ""
<playlist genre="90's Grunge">
XML Document Structure
Hierarchical/Tree, similar to Windows
Explorer folders and files
Contains the following:
 XML declaration
 XML Root element (an element which
contains all the succeeding elements)
 XML elements and sub-elements (may or
may not contain attributes)
XML and C#
Basic pattern for using XML with C#
 Load XML file
 Do something with XML data
 Display XML elements
 Add XML elements
 Update XML elements
 Delete XML elements

 Save the XML file


Loading XML Files
 Use the following classes
 XmlDocument (represents the Xml document)
 XmlNode (represents any kind of Xml node)

 Steps:
1. Create an instance of XmlDocument
2. Call the load() of XmlDocument
3. Create an instance of XmlNode and let it be a
reference to the root element. Use the
DocumentElement property of XmlDocument
Loading XML Files
Sample code
XmlDocument document = new XmlDocument();
document.Load(path);
XmlNode root = document.DocumentElement;

 Tips
 Put complete path for the Xml Document for proper
loading
 Do not forget to instantiate the root element of the
document, all other elements will be derived from this
Display XML Elements
 Use the following classes
 XmlNodeList (arraylist of XmlNodes)
 XmlNode

 Usethe ChildNodes property of the root


XmlNode to get all child nodes, this returns
an XmlNodeList object
 Iteratethrough the XmlNodeList object to
print/ access data
Display XML Elements
 The following properties are useful in
printing data contained in an XmlNode:
 InnerXml (prints the tags + value between tags)
 InnerText (prints value between tags only)
 Name (prints value inside tag)
Display XML Elements
InnerXml
 Assuming song was instantiated as an
XmlNode, InnerXml will return those in
bold as 1 concatenated string
<song>
<title>Crackerman</title>
<artist>Stone Temple Pilots</artist>
<album>Core</album>
</song>
Display XML Elements
InnerText
 Assuming song was instantiated as an
XmlNode, InnerText will return those in
bold as 1 concatenated string
<song>
<title>Crackerman</title>
<artist>Stone Temple Pilots</artist>
<album>Core</album>
</song>
Display XML Elements
XmlNode
 Assuming song was instantiated as an
XmlNode, Name will return those in bold
as 1 concatenated string
<song>
<title>Crackerman</title>
<artist>Stone Temple Pilots</artist>
<album>Core</album>
</song>
Display XML Elements
Sample Code
XmlNodeList songs = root.ChildNodes;
for (int x = 0; x < songs.Count; x++)
{
XmlNode song = songs[x];
XmlNodeList songNodes = song.ChildNodes;
string[] songRow = new string[songNodes.Count];

for (int i = 0; i < songNodes.Count; i++)


{
XmlNode songNode = songNodes[i];
songRow[i] = songNode.InnerText;
}

foreach(string s in songRow)
{ Console.WriteLine(s);
}
}
Display XML Elements
Itis possible to go deeper into the
document. Use the following to access
child nodes of any XmlNode:
 ChildNodes, FirstChild, LastChild,
NextSibling
Attributesmay be printed by following
the same structure but using
XmlAttribute instead of XmlNode.
Add XML Elements
 Use the following classes
 XmlNode
 XmlElement (represents the tags)
 XmlTextNode (represents the value between
tags
Add XML Elements
 Steps:
1. Create XmlElements to represent its children,
use CreateElement() for this
2. Create XmlTextNodes to represent the values
using CreateTextNode()
3. Associate each XmlTextNode to its respective
XmlElement using the AppendChild() of the
XmlElement objects
Add XML Elements
 Steps:
4. Create an XmlElement to represent the parent
node using the CreateElement() method of the
XmlDocument object
5. Append the child XmlElement objects to the
parent XmlElement object using AppendChild()
of the parent XmlElement
6. Append the parent XmlElement object to the
root element using AppendChild() of the root
element
Add XML Elements
Sample code
XmlElement newTitle = document.CreateElement("artist");
XmlText newTitleText = document.CreateTextNode(artist);
newTitle.AppendChild(newTitleText);

...

XmlElement newSong = document.CreateElement("song");


newSong.AppendChild(newTitle);
newSong.AppendChild(newArtist);
newSong.AppendChild(newAlbum);

root.AppendChild(newSong);
Add XML Elements
 XmlElement and XmlText are both derived
from XmlNode, so technically an XmlNode
object may receive the objects returned by
CreateElement() and CreateTextNode()
 Always append
 Text values to child elements
 Child elements to parent elements
 Parent elements to root element
Update XML Elements
Steps:
1. Identify the XmlNode with values to
modify
2. Identify the XmlElements within the
XmlNode whose value is to be changed
3. Change the value of by using the
InnerText property.
Update XML Elements
Sample code
String searchTitle = Console.ReadLine();
XmlNodeList children = root.ChildNodes;
for (int x = 0; x < children.Count; x++)
{
XmlNode song = children[x];
string songTitle = song.ChildNodes[1].InnerText;
if (songTitle.Equals(searchTitle))
{
song.ChildNodes[0].InnerText = newArtist;
song.ChildNodes[1].InnerText = newTitle;
song.ChildNodes[2].InnerText = newAlbum;

break; // exit the loop


}
}
Delete XML Elements
Steps:
1. Identify XmlElement to delete
2. Use the RemoveChild() of the parent
XmlNode to remove XmlElement
Delete XML Elements
Sample code
XmlNodeList children = root.ChildNodes;
for (int x = 0; x < children.Count; x++)
{
XmlNode song = children[x];
string songTitle = song.ChildNodes[1].InnerText;
if (songTitle.Equals(deleteTitle))
{
root.RemoveChild(song);
break; // exit the loop
}
}
Save the XML File
Write the contents of an XmlDocument
using Save()
Steps:
1. Identify the path of the XML document
2. Use the Save() of the XmlDocument
object
Save the XML File
Sample code
document.Save(path);

Call
after adding, updating or deleting
XML elements
Use the same file called in
document.Load() to overwrite the old
data with the new data
Creating an XML document
 Sometimes, there is a need to Create
an XML file
 Steps:
1. Create the document
2. Create the root element
3. Append the root to the document
4. Append everything else to the root
Creating an XML document
Sample Code
static void Main(string[] args)
{
XmlDocument document = new XmlDocument();
XmlNode root = document.CreateElement("songs");
document.AppendChild(root);

//code to create other elements


//code to append other elements to the root
}

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