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6 Permutations&C

The document discusses permutations and combinations, providing examples of different types of problems involving arrangements versus choices and using nPr versus nCr. It also works through several example problems, such as forming codes from letters, determining the number of possible arrangements of cards, and choosing teams from groups of students.

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darylsoo
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93 views

6 Permutations&C

The document discusses permutations and combinations, providing examples of different types of problems involving arrangements versus choices and using nPr versus nCr. It also works through several example problems, such as forming codes from letters, determining the number of possible arrangements of cards, and choosing teams from groups of students.

Uploaded by

darylsoo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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F5

6 Permutations
& Combinations
TEO POH
GURU CEMERLANG MATEMATIK
SMK ALOR AKAR, KUANTAN,
PAHANG
6 Permutations & Combinations
F5 PAST YEAR QUESTIONS ......

(2003) Permutations : Form Code of 3 letters


+2 digits
(2004) Permutations : arrange “HEBAT”
(2005) Combinations : Form debating teams of
5 students
(2006) Permutations : Form 4-letter code from
“UNIFORM”
(2007) Combinations : Form Badminton team of 5
players : 2 boys and 3 girls
F5 6 Permutations & Combinations

Question students always ask .....

 When do we use n
Pr ??

 ... and WHEN do we use Cr ???


n
F5 Permutations
Ask yourself .....
 Does the problem involve arrangement ?
If the order is important, then use nPr.

Key word : ARRANGE


eg. 1. Arrange numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 to form 4-digit words
2. Arrange letters “D, N, A” to form 3-letter code words
3. Arrange books on a shelf
4. Arrange students (in a row) to take photos…
F5 Combinations
Ask yourself ..... Is ORDER important ???

Since order is NOT important, use nCr.

Key word : CHOOSE

eg. 1. Choose 3 students from a class …


2. Choose 5 members to form a PTA committee …
3. Choose a debating team of 4 students from … [2005]
4. Choose players to form badminton teams … [2007]
F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS SPM ’04
P1,Q23
Q1 H E B A T
(a) Find the number of possible arrangements, in a
row, of all the cards.
(b) Find the number of these arrangements in
which the letters E and A are side by side.

(a) No. of ways = 5!


= 120
(b) No. of ways = 4! 2!
= 48
EA or AE
F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
Q2
Find the number of four digit numbers which
can be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 8, 9 if
each number is allowed to be used once only.
How many of this numbers are even ?

(a) No. of 4-digit numbers = 4 !


= 24
(b) No. of 4-digit even numbers
= 3.2.1.1
= 6
8 only !
F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
Q3(a)

Find the number of four digit numbers exceeding


3000 which can be formed from the numbers
2, 3, 6, 8, 9 if each number is allowed to be used
once only.

No. of ways = 4 . 4. 3. 2
= 96
3, 6, 8, 9
F5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS Q3(b)

Find the number of three-digit numbers exceeding


600 which can be formed from the numbers
3, 0, 6, 8 if each number is allowed to be used
more than once.

No. of 3-D numbers = 2 . 4. 4


6, 8 = 32

(> 600) : = 32 – 1
= 31
F5
Q4
Find the number of ways the word BESTARI can be
arranged so that the vowels and consonants alternate
with each other. [ 3 marks ]

Vowels :E, A, I
Consonants : B, S, T, R
Arrangements : CVCVCVC

No. of ways = 4! 3 !
= 144
F5 SPM ’05, P1,Q22
A debating team consists of 5 students. These 5 students
Q5 are chosen from 4 monitors, 2 assistant monitors and 6
prefects.
Calculate the number of ways the teams can be formed if
(a) there is no restriction,
(b) the team contains only 1 monitor and exactly 3 prefects.
[ 4 marks ]

Given : 4 M, 2 AM, 6 P (12 students)


To form 5-member debating team.

(a) No. of ways = C5


12

= 792
(b) No. of ways = 4
C1 . 6C3 . 2C1
= 160
Try This ….!!!

Q6 A debating team consists of 4 students. These


4 students are chosen from 3 monitors, 2
assistant monitors and 5 prefects.
Calculate the number of ways the teams can
be formed if there are
(a) at least three prefects ,
(b) not more than 2 monitors. [ 4 marks ]

Answers :
Given : 3 M, 2 AM, 5 P (10 students)
TASK : To form 4-member debating team
Q6 Answers :

Given : 3 M, 2 AM, 5 P (10 students)


TASK : To form 4-member debating team

(a) at least three prefects :

(i) 3 prefects : C3. 5C1 = 50


5

(ii) 4 prefects : 5
C4. 5C0 = 5
Total : 55 ways
Q6 Answers :
Given : 3 M, 2 AM, 5 P (10 students)
TASK : To form 4-member debating team

(b) Not more than two monitors :

(i) 0 monitor : 3
C0. 7C4 = 35
(ii) 1 monitor : 3
C1. 7C3 = 105
(iii) 2 monitors : C2. 7C2
3
= 63
Total : 203 ways

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