Scribd
Upload
148 views

Moderation 2

The document discusses moderation, which refers to a variable that specifies conditions under which a predictor is related to an outcome. A moderator explains when the dependent and independent variables are related through an interaction effect that changes the direction or magnitude of their relationship. There are three types of moderation: enhancing, buffering, and antagonistic. To test for moderation, researchers first create mean scores for the independent variable, dependent variable, and moderator. They then create product terms by multiplying the independent variable and moderator. Regression models are fit with the predictor, moderator, and interaction term to see if the interaction explains significant additional variance in the outcome above and beyond the main effects. The document provides an example of testing if

Uploaded by

sidra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
148 views

Moderation 2

The document discusses moderation, which refers to a variable that specifies conditions under which a predictor is related to an outcome. A moderator explains when the dependent and independent variables are related through an interaction effect that changes the direction or magnitude of their relationship. There are three types of moderation: enhancing, buffering, and antagonistic. To test for moderation, researchers first create mean scores for the independent variable, dependent variable, and moderator. They then create product terms by multiplying the independent variable and moderator. Regression models are fit with the predictor, moderator, and interaction term to see if the interaction explains significant additional variance in the outcome above and beyond the main effects. The document provides an example of testing if

Uploaded by

sidra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Moderation

By:
Dr. Muhammad Sarmad
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Management Sciences
Riphah International University
A moderator is a variable that specifies conditions under which a given
predictor is related to an outcome.

The moderator explains ‘when’ a DV and IV are related. Moderation


implied an interaction effect, where introducing a moderating variable
changes the direction or magnitude of the relationship between two
variables.
(a)Enhancing, where increasing the moderator would
increase the effect of the predictor (IV) on the outcome
(DV);

(b)Buffering, where increasing the moderator would decrease


the effect of the predictor(iv) on the outcome(DV); or

(c)Antagonistic, where increasing the moderator would


reverse the effect of the predictor on the outcome.
1. Create mean of IV, DV and moderator

2. Create product terms(multiply) for the predictor(Iv) and moderator


variables

3. Fit A regression model (block 1) predicting the outcome variable Y


from both the predictor variable X and the moderator variable M. Both
effects as well as the model in general (R2) should be significant.

4. Add the interaction effect to the previous model (block 2) and check for
A significant R2 change as well as A significant effect by the new
interaction term. If both are significant, then moderation is occurring.
Mother’s Depression

Child’s Behavior
Poverty
Problems
Does model 2 account for significantly more variance than model 1?
In this example, Model 2 with the interaction between depression and poverty level
accounted for significantly more variance than just depression and poverty level by
themselves, R2 change = .020, p = .003, indicating that there is potentially significant
moderation between depression and poverty level on child’s behavior problems.
Predicator Dependent variable

β R2 ∆R2

Moderation
Step 1
Control Variables
Step2
Independent Variable
Moderator Variable

Step 3
Independent variable*
moderator variable

Note: Statistical significance: *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001
To test the hypothesis that the child behavior problems are a function of
multiple risk factors, and more specifically whether mother’s depression
moderates the relationship between poverty level and child behavior
problems, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. In the
first step, two variables were included: poverty level and mother’s
depression. These variables accounted for a significant amount of variance
in child’s behavior problems, R2 = .340, F(2, 297) = 76.57, p < .001. Next,
the interaction term between poverty level and mother’s depression was
added to the regression model, which accounted for a significant
proportion of the variance in child behavior problems, ΔR2 = .02, ΔF(1,
296) = 9.27, p = .001, b = .432, t(296) = 2.83, p < .01.
Thank You!!

You might also like