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EDS Course

The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a location for a substation, including being close to load centers to minimize transmission distances, allowing for proper voltage regulation, and providing space for future expansion. Substations are also classified based on their construction, with indoor substations used for lower voltages and outdoor or underground types used for higher voltages. Comparisons are made between indoor and outdoor substations in terms of capital cost, civil works required, fault detection, expansion ability, safety, appearance, and maintenance needs.

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70 views

EDS Course

The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a location for a substation, including being close to load centers to minimize transmission distances, allowing for proper voltage regulation, and providing space for future expansion. Substations are also classified based on their construction, with indoor substations used for lower voltages and outdoor or underground types used for higher voltages. Comparisons are made between indoor and outdoor substations in terms of capital cost, civil works required, fault detection, expansion ability, safety, appearance, and maintenance needs.

Uploaded by

Saikumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Location of Sub-Station

• The substation must be close to the load center of its service area, so that,
the addition of load times distance from the substation Is minimum

• Locate the substation such that proper voltage regulation can be obtainable
without taking extensive measures.

• Selection of substation such that it provides process access of incoming


Sub transmission and outgoing primary feeder and also allows for future
growth.

• There should be enough space for future substation expansion.

• Number of customers effected by service discontinuity must be low.

• The site selection of substation location should not be oppose by land use
regulation and neighbors.
Sub-Station
Classification of substations

• A sub-station has many components


(e.g. circuit breakers, switches, fuses,
instruments etc.) which must be housed
properly to ensure continuous and reliable
service. According to constructional features,
the sub-stations are classified as :
• Indoor sub-stations. For voltages up to 11 kV, the equipment of the
sub-station is installed indoor because of economic considerations.
However, when the atmosphere is contaminated with impurities,
these sub-stations can be erected for voltages up to 66 kV.

• Outdoor sub-stations. For voltages beyond 66 kV, equipment is


invariably installed outdoor. It is because for such voltages, the
clearances between conductors and the space required for switches,
circuit breakers and other equipment becomes so great that it is not
economical to install the equipment indoor.
• Underground sub-stations. In thickly populated areas, the
space available for equipment and building is limited and the
cost of land is high. Under such situations, the sub-station is
created underground.

• Pole-mounted sub-stations. This is an outdoor sub-station


with equipment installed overhead on 2-pole or 4-pole
structure. It is the cheapest form of sub-station for voltages not
exceeding 11kV (or 33 kV in some cases). Electric power is
almost distributed in localities through these substations.
Comparisons of indoor and outdoor substations

• Capital Cost : The Capital required to install indoor substation is very high

because a lot of buildings are to be manufactured in case of Indoor

substation while the capital required for outdoor sub station is small as

compare to Indoor sub station.

• Civil Work : . Indoor substations requires a lot of civil work and hence

increasing time required to install the sub station in opposition to this only

a small construction work is required in outdoor sub stations.


• Fault Location : Indoor substations are very compact in arrangement and

hence if there is any fault then the location of fault become very difficult

while in outdoor sub stations the equipments are placed at different

locations so the fault can be sensed easily.

• Future Expansion : In Indoor sub stations the buildings are constructed


according to the size of present transformer so if in future we want to
increase the rating of sub station then we have to demolish or make some
civil works in the building to host new transformer while in outdoor
substations transformers are placed outside so they may be replaced by just
increasing the area of fencing.
• Safety : Indoor substations are more safe as they restrict the entry of
animals or any unauthorized person near the transformer while
outdoor substations are not much safe.

• Appearance : Indoor sub stations looks good because electrical


equipment that is visible from outside while in outdoor sub stations
appearance is not very good.

• Maintenance : Maintenance of Indoor substation is not easy. It


require both time and specialized labor so it is costly while
maintenance of outdoor substation is cheap.

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