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Oled 1234

The document discusses organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are solid-state devices that produce light when electricity is applied. It describes how Kodak first discovered OLED materials in the 1970s and how their structure involves organic layers between an anode and cathode. OLEDs can be manufactured through vacuum deposition, inkjet printing, and other methods. They emit light through a process involving holes, electrons, and photon emission. The document outlines different types of OLEDs and their applications while also discussing advantages like thinness and flexibility as well as challenges like lifetime and costs.

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39 views

Oled 1234

The document discusses organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are solid-state devices that produce light when electricity is applied. It describes how Kodak first discovered OLED materials in the 1970s and how their structure involves organic layers between an anode and cathode. OLEDs can be manufactured through vacuum deposition, inkjet printing, and other methods. They emit light through a process involving holes, electrons, and photon emission. The document outlines different types of OLEDs and their applications while also discussing advantages like thinness and flexibility as well as challenges like lifetime and costs.

Uploaded by

navitharag
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

• Definition: OLEDs are solid-state devices


composed of organic molecules that creates
light with the application of electricity
• Electro phosphorescence
Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Presented by
Srinath K
History
• Kodak first discovered organic materials that glowed in
response to electrical currents in late 1970s.
• Eastman Kodak company scientist Dr.ching tang discovered
that sending an electrical current through a carbon
compound caused these materials to glow.
• The types molecules used by kodak scientists in 1987 in the
first OLEDs were in small organic molecules. Although small
molecules emitted bright light, scientists had to deposit
them onto substrate in the vacuum.
• Since 1990,researches have been using large polymer
molecules to emit light. Polymer can be made less
expansively and in large sheets, so they are more suitable
for large screen displays.
OLED components
• Substrate(clear plastic, glass, foil)-The substrate supports
the OLED.
• Anode(transparent)-The anode removes electrons when a
current flows through devices.
• Organic layers-These layers are made of organic molecules
or polymers.
-Conducting layer-that transport “holes” from the anode.
Ex: poly aniline
-Emissive layer- that transport electrons from cathode; this
is where light is made. Ex: polyfluorine
• cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the
type of OLED)- The cathode injects electrons when a
current through the device.
Manufacturing of OLEDs
• Vacuum deposition or vacuum thermal
evaporation(VTE)

• Organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD)

• Inkjet printing
How does OLEDs Emit light?
Creating light:
• The battery or power supply of the device
containing the OLED.
• An electrical current flows from the cathode to
the anode through the anode through the
organic layer giving ℮¯ to emissive layer and
removing ℮¯ from the conductive layer.
• Removig ℮¯ from the conductive layer leaves
holes that need to be filled with the ℮¯ in
emmisive layer.
• The holes ump to the emmisive layer and
recombine with ℮¯ emmiting a photon of light.
OLEDS features
• Vibrant colors
• High contrast
• Excellent grayscale
• Full-motion video
• Wide viewing angles from all directions
• A wide range of pixel sizes
• Low power consumption
• Low operating voltages
• Wide operating temperature range
• Long operating lifetime
• A thin and lightweight from factor
Types of OLEDs
• Passive-matrix OLED
• Active-matrix OLED
• Transparent OLED
• Foldable OLED
• White OLED
Passive-matrix OLED (PMOLED)

•Easy to make
•Consume more
power
•External circuitry
needed
•Best suited for
small screens such
as cell phones PDAS
and MP3 players.
Active-matrix OLED (AMOLED)
•AMOLEDs consume
less power than
PMOLEDs
•Efficient for large
displays
•Faster refresh rates
suitable for video
•Used in computer
monitors, large-
screen TVs and
electronic signs or
billboards.
Transparent OLED (TOLED)
•Have only
transparent
components.
•Transparent OLED
display can be
either active- or
passive-matrix
•Used for heads-up
displays
Foldable OLED
Have substrates made
of very flexible metallic
foils or plastics

Very lightweight and


durable

Can be attached to
fabrics to create
“smart” clothing
White OLED

•Emit white light that is


brighter

•More uniform and more


energy efficient than that
emitted by fluorescent
lights
Phosphorescent OLED
• PHOLEDs convert up to 100% of the electrical
energy in an OLED into light.

• One potential use of PHOLEDs as lighting


devices is to cover walls with gigantic
PHOLEDS displays.
• This would allow entire rooms to glow
uniformly, rather than require the use of light
bulbs.
Advantages
• Plastic-thinner, lighter and more flexible
• Brighter than LEDs
• Do not require backlighting like LCDs
• Easier to produce and can be made to large
sizes
• Large fields of view
Disadvantages
• Lifetime

• Manufacturing processes are expensive right


now

• Water can easily damage OLEDs


Conclusion

• The radically different manufacturing process of


OLEDs lends itself to many advantages over flat-
panel displays made with LCD technology. Since
OLEDs can be printed onto any suitable substrate
using an inkjet printer or even screen printing
technologies, they can theoretically have a
significantly lower cost than LCDs or plasma
displays. Printing OLEDs onto flexible substrates
opens the door to new applications such as roll-
up displays and displays embedded in fabrics or
clothing. So OLEDs are very useful.
Applications
• TV displays, PC displays.
• Cell phone displays.
• Ideal for portable DVD players,mp3 players,
PDAs.
• head-up displays
• Automotive dashboards.
• Billboard-type displays, Home and office
street lightings
Sony LCD TV
OLEDs in Aeroplanes
OLEDs in Homes
Solar OLEDs for street lamps
Bibliography

• www.EFYMAG.com

• OLED-Info.com

• http://science.howstuffworks.com/oled.html

• www.google.com

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