Presentation on:-
Sayan Bhattacharya
Sayantan Maity
Indranil Roy
By:- Abhishek Kumar Sharma
Nilanjana Roy
Uddipto Das
Mani Shankar Dutta
Sk Mosiur Rahman
OFFSHORE STRUCTURE:-
Introduction:-
Offshore construction is the installation of structures and
facilities in a marine environment, usually for the
production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other
resources.
Construction and pre-commissioning is typically performed
as much as possible onshore. To optimize the costs and risks
of installing large offshore platforms, different construction
strategies have been developed.
Searching for oil over water using seismology
ANATOMY OF OIL RIG:-
MAJOR SYSTEMS OF LAND OIL RIG:-
Power system :-
electrical generators
large diesel engines
Mechanical system :-
hoisting system
turntable
Rotating equipment
Hoisting System: The hoisting system is used to raise and lower pipe in and
out of the hole and to support the drill string to control the weight on the drill
bit during drilling. It also acts as an elaborate pulley to lift the travelling
block and remove the drill pipe.
Rotating equipment -
Swivel - large handle that holds the weight of
the drill string; allows the string to rotate and
makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole
Drill string - consists of drill
pipe (connected sections of about 30 feet (10
meters) and drill collars (larger diameter,
heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and
places weight on the drill bit)
Turntable or rotary table - drives the
rotating motion using power from electric
motors
Drill bit(s) - end of the drill that
actually cuts up the rock; comes in
many shapes and materials (tungsten
carbide steel, diamond) that are
specialized for various drilling tasks and
rock
Casing - large-diameter concrete pipe
that lines the drill hole, prevents the
hole from collapsing, and allows drilling
mud to circulate
DRILLING PLATFORMS
Types of offshore drilling platforms:
Movable drilling rig-(MODU-mobile offshore drilling unit)
exploration purposes
Eg, drilling barge, jack-up barges, ,submersibles ,semi-
submersibles ,FPSO(floating, production, storage and offloading
systems), drill ships.
Permanent drilling rig :-
extraction and production
Eg, jacket platform, gravity platform
Complaint platform :-
tension leg platform
guy towers
articulated towers
GRAVITY PLATFORM: Hibernia oil platform
GRAVITY PLATFORMS
The Hibernia Gravity Base Structure is the world's largest
offshore oil platform
Detailed View:-
Detailed View:-
Caisson: -
A sealed underwater structure
Importance:
To provide buoyancy during construction/towing and later
serve as oil storage space
Skirts: -
a. Improve foundation stability
b. Act erosion resistance feature
c. Provides transverse resistance to platform sliding
Troll A platform (condeep ) :-
Advantages:-
Support large deck loads
Possible reuse
Construction and testing may be completed before floating
and towing to site
Large field , long term production
May have large storage capacity
More tolerant to overloading and sea water exposure .
Disadvantages:-
Cost increases exponentially with depth
Foundation settlement (sea-bed profile increases due to
geological disturbances)
Subject to seafloor scour
May require more steel than steel jacket structure
FIXED PLATFORM:-
Two main components:
Substructure
Superstructure (topside)
JACKET PLATFORM:-
Sketch of jacket platform:-
25
Superstructure:
supported on jacket structure
consist of drilling equipment, production
equipment, gas turbine ,generating sets,
gas flare stations
it weighs up to 40,000 tonnes
Substructure:
Jacket-tubular platform support structure
- It serves as guides for driving of piles –
called template structure
- It supports and protects well conductors, pumps,
risers etc.
- Suitable for water depths:150-250m
- Soil condition: clay-penetrable- because of piles
Most common: steel jacket platform
Substructure and jacket is fabricated from steel
welded pipes and is pinned through to sea floor
with steel piles which are driven through pile
guides on outer members of jacket
The piles are thick steel pipes of 1 to 2m diameter
and can penetrate as much as 100m into sea-bed
The jacket can weigh up to 20,000 tonnes.
PARTS OF JACKET PLATFORM:-
Transition piece: connects topsides and jacket structure
Conductors: long hollow straight or curved tubes that
embed into sea- bed and through which drilling for oil,
gas or both is performed
Risers: long slender tubes that carry the crude or
partially processed oil/gas to another location for
further processing either to a land based facility or to
another platform
Boat landing, Barge bumper and riser guard:-
-for berthing of supply vessels
-for smooth berthing to facilitate a reduced vessel impact on the
structure
Riser guard:-
Another protective structure that protects the oil/gas carrying
risers.
They are designed for accidental vessel impacts
Launch Truss:-
These are provided on one side of jacket to facilitate the
loading out on to the barge
ADVANTAGES:-
Support large deck loads
Construction and testing may be
completed before floating and towing
to site
Large field , long term production
Piles result in good stability
Little effect from sea floor scour
DISADVANTAGES:-
Cost increase exponentially with depth
High initial and maintenance cost
Not reusable
Steel structure member subject to corrosion
Corrosion severe near the SWL
Conclusion:-
It can be concluded that due to new technologies
human has reached to middle of ocean. Even structures
are set up by which oils can be extracted and in the
middle of the sea anybody can see a corporate
township over there.
By the topic itself we are enlightened about this new
era of construction that will take our interest, curiosity
and vision to another level of growth.
