 In order to switch a call to mobile subscriber, the right entities need to be

involved.
 It is thus important to address them correctly.
 Numbering plans are used to identify different networks.
- Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN) :
 A number that uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription
 As per CCITT recommendations,MSISDN is composed as follows
MSISDN = CC + NDC + NC + SN
CC = Country Code
NDC = National Destination Code
NC = Network Code(For Idea, it is 22/50)
SN = Subscriber Number
eg . 919822012345 = 91 + 98 + 22 + 012345
 International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

 IMSI is the information which uniquely identifies a subscriber in a GSM

PLMN(Public Land Mobile Network)
 This number is allocated to each subscriber for a correct identification
over the radio path and through the GSM PLMN network.
 IMSI is used for all signaling in PLMN
 IMSI is stored in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM),HLR and serving
VLR
 IMSI consists of:
IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
MCC = Mobile Country Code ( 3 digits)
MNC = Mobile Network Code ( 2 digits)
MSN = Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (max 10
digits)
eg : 404 + 22 + 0000123456
 Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)

 This number is a temporary number used to route a call

 HLR knows the MSC/VLR area of the subscriber
 HLR requests the current MSC/VLR to allocate and return a MSRN for
called subscriber.
 HLR then sends the received MSRN to the GMSC, thus routing the call to
the MSC/VLR where subscriber is registered.
 MSRN has three parts:
MSRN = CC + NDC + SN
CC = Country Code
NDC = National Destination Code
NC = Network Operator Code
SN = Subscriber Number (Address to serving MSC )
eg. : 91 + 98 + 22 + 005XXX Where,005XXX is sent by MSC.
00 is for Pune MSC,20 is for Nagpur MSC,10 is for Goa MSC.
 International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)

 IMEI is used for equipment identity

 IMEI consists of :
IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + sp
TAC = Type Approval Code ( 6 digit )
FAC = Final Assembly Code (2 digit ) identifies
manufacturer
SNR = Serial Number ( 6 digit )
sp = spare for future use ( 1 digit )
eg. : 352518 + 00 + 581976 + 3
Where, 35 is for Nokia Handsets.
 IMEI length is 15 digits.
 Location Area Identity (LAI)

 Used for Location Updating of Mobile Subscribers

 LAI consists of :
LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC
MCC = Mobile Country Code (same numbering plan as in
IMSI)
MNC = Mobile Network Code ,identifies the GSM PLMN in that
country (as in IMSI )
LAC = Location Area Code ,identifies Location Area within
GSM PLMN. Length is 16 bits thus 65536 location areas can
be defined in one GSM PLMN.
eg. 404 +22 + 10000 where 10000 is the LAC for Pune .
 Cell Global Identity (CGI)

 Used to identify a cell within the GSM network

 Only a CI parameter is added to LAI
CI = cell Identity, identifies a cell within a location area, max 16 digits
eg. 404 + 22 + 10000 + 726
Where,
404 + 22 + 10000 is the LAI for Pune and 726 is the CI of one of the
cells of Pune.CI is different for all the three sectors of the cell.
 Traffic Cases
 Call from PSTN Subscriber to a Mobile Subscriber
 Call from a Mobile Subscriber to a PSTN Subscriber
 Call from a Mobile Subscriber to a Mobile Subscriber
 Call from PSTN to Mobile when a Mobile Subscriber is in
Roaming
 Call from Mobile to Mobile when a Mobile Subscriber is
in Roaming
 Call from PSTN to a Mobile Subscriber
4. IMSI
HLR VLR
3. 6. MSRN 5. MSRN
MSISDN GMSC MSC

2.
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 Call from a Mobile Subscriber to a PSTN
Subscriber
PSTN
B-Number

VLR

MSC

Call Call
Request Acknowledgement

BTS

Call
Request

This
• message
Marking the is processed
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The MS MSin turns
••IfCompleting
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isfor
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a call request to
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mobile subscriber’s
is sent by thecategories
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the
When PSTN.
the call has been
acknowledgement set up
is sent by the
from the MSC/VLR
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the MS. will allocate a
TCH to the MS and the call will be connected.
 Call from a Mobile Subscriber to a Mobile
MSISD
Subscriber
N
GMSC
MSISDN, MSRN
Request MSRN
MSISD MSRN Request
VLR-1 HLR VLR-2
N MSRN
MSC IMSI MSC
Call Call Page
Reques Acknowledgemen Message
t BSC t
BSC

BTS BTS

Subscriber A Subscriber B

Subscriber
When
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Subscriber
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sends
being
A
B-subscriber’s the
is B-subscriber
granted B-number(MSISDN)
responds
MSC/VLR
aMSRN
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request toto
routes the
the
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message,a
network,then
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which
a call request channel
then
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The
The GMSC
VLR-2 sends
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to the HLR to the
and HLR.
the HLR sends it to the GMSC.
TheHLR
processed
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converts
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allocated
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both A and
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MSC/VLR-1
B-subscriber.the to IMSIthe
B-subscriber
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 Call from PSTN to Mobile in Roaming

HLR-Pune

MSRN MSC/VLR-
Mumbai
GMSC
Call
Reques Pagin
t g
PSTN
EXCH BSC

BTS

Roaming Subscriber
PSTN Subscriber

PUNE MUMBAI
Call from Mobile to Mobile in Roaming

HLR-Pune

MSRN MSC/VLR-
Mumbai
MSC
Call Pagin
Reques g
t BSC
BSC

BTS
BTS

Calling Roaming Subscriber

Subscriber

PUNE MUMBAI
Ways to obtain MSRN
1. Obtaining at location update – MSRN for the MS
is assigned at the time of each location update,
and is stored in the HLR. This way the HLR is in
a position to immediately supply the routing info
(MSRN) needed to switch a call through to the
local MSC.
2. Obtaining on a per call basis – This case
requires that the HLR has at least an
identification for the currently responsible VLR.
When routing info is requested from the HLR, it
first has to obtain the MSRN from the VLR. This
MSRN is assigned on a per call basis, i.e. each
call involves a new MSRN assignment

13
Routing information: case when MSRN is
selected per call by VLR/MSC

MSISDNIMSI, VLR number

HLR

 

 
MSISDN
MSRN
GMSC MSC/VLR

 If MSRN is allocated to each subscriber visiting at an MSC, then the

number of MSRNs required is large. If instead, an MSRN is allocated
only when a call is to be established, then the number of MSRNs is
roughly equal to number of circuits at MSC – a much smaller number –
hence MSRNs typically allocated per call by VLR/MSC
14
 Messages exchanged: call delivery

1 GMSC 5 4
PSTN
2 HLR 3 VLR

6
Target
MSC

Target
Originating HLR VLR MSC
GMSC
Switch
2. MAP_SEND_ROUTING_INFO
1. ISUP IAM
3. MAP_PROVIDE_ROAMING_NUMBER

4. MAP_PROVIDE_ROAMING_NUMBER_ack
5.
MAP_SEND_ROUTING_INFO_ack

6. ISUP IAM
15
MODULES DESCRIPTION

 OUTGOING  INCOMING
CALL FLOW CALL FLOW
 Mobile Station  MS from other network or
 Base Station Subsystem
own network
 GMSC
 Base Station Controller
 STP
 Signaling Transfer Point
 HLR
 VMSC ( VLR MSC)
 MNP CALL FLOW
CENTRAL
DATABASE

NPDB

₃.₉₁₊B.NO ₄.LRN+B.NO HLR

STP 8.SRI_REQ
9.PRN
91+B.NO 10. PRN_RES
₂.₉₁₊ B.no (MSRN)

SRI_REQ ₅.SRI_RES
11.SRI_RES
LRN+B.NO
(MSRN)
7.IAM
LRN+B.NO
MSC GMSC GMSC MSC
₆.IAM
LRN+B.NO 12.IAM
(MSRN)

₁.service_request 13.SETUP

conversation
A B
MOBILE MOBILE
OUT GOING MNP CALL FLOW

HLR

GMSC MSC
7.IAM 12.IAM
LRN+B.NO (MSRN)

13.SETUP

B
MOBILE
 OUT GOING MNP CALL FLOW
CENTRAL
DATABASE

REQ
91+B.NO RES
LRN+B.NO

NPDB

STP
₂.₉₁₊ B.no
SRI_REQ ₅.SRI_RES
LRN+B.NO
7.IAM
LRN+B.NO
MSC GMSC
₆.IAM
LRN+B.NO

₁.service_request

A
MOBILE
Abbreviations
 ISC: International switching center
 OMC: Operations and maintenance center
 GMSC: Gateway switching center
 MSC: Mobile switching center
 VLR: Visitor location register
 HLR: Home Location register
 EIR: Equipment Identification register
 AUC: Authentication center
 BSC: Base station controller
 BTS: Base transceiver station
 MS: Mobile subscriber
 TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
 IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity

20