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Basic Input / Output in C++: by Quratulain Naqvi (Pakitech)

This document discusses basic input and output in C++. It explains that input and output in C++ occurs through streams of bytes and describes the standard input stream (cin) and output stream (cout) that are used to take input from and provide output to the keyboard and display. It also mentions header files like iostream that are used for input/output and describes manipulators like endl.

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Quratulain Naqvi
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27 views

Basic Input / Output in C++: by Quratulain Naqvi (Pakitech)

This document discusses basic input and output in C++. It explains that input and output in C++ occurs through streams of bytes and describes the standard input stream (cin) and output stream (cout) that are used to take input from and provide output to the keyboard and display. It also mentions header files like iostream that are used for input/output and describes manipulators like endl.

Uploaded by

Quratulain Naqvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC INPUT / OUTPUT IN C++ By Quratulain Naqvi (PakiTech)

BASIC INPUT / OUTPUT IN C++


(BY PAKITECH)

C++ comes with libraries which provides us many ways for performing input and
output. In C++ input and output is performed in the form of sequence of bytes or
more commonly known as streams.

Input Stream: If the direction of flow of bytes is from device(for example: Keyboard)
to the main memory then this process is called input.
Output Stream: If the direction of flow of bytes is opposite, i.e. from main memory to
device( display screen ) then this process is called output.
BASIC INPUT / OUTPUT IN C++
(BY PAKITECH)

Header files available in C++ for Input – Output operation are:


iostream: iostream stands for standard input output stream. This header file contains
definitions to objects like cin, cout, cerr etc.
iomanip: iomanip stands for input output manipulators. The methods declared in this
files are used for manipulating streams. This file contains definitions of setw,
setprecision etc.
fstream: This header file mainly describes the file stream. This header file is used to
handle the data being read from a file as input or data being written into the file as
output.
BASIC INPUT / OUTPUT IN C++
(BY PAKITECH)

In C++ articles, these two keywords cout and cin are used very often for taking
inputs and printing outputs. These two are the most basic methods of taking input and
output in C++. For using cin and cout we must include the header file iostream in our
program.
STANDARD OUTPUT STREAM (COUT)
(BY PAKITECH)

Usually the standard output device is the #include <iostream>


display screen. cout is the instance of the
ostream class. cout is used to produce using namespace std;
output on the standard output device which
int main( ) {
is usually the display screen. The data
char sample[] = “PakiTech";
needed to be displayed on the screen is
inserted in the standard output stream (cout) cout << sample << “- Subscribe to my channel.";
using the insertion operator (<<).
return 0;
}

Output:
PakiTech- Subscribe to my channel.
STANDARD INPUT STREAM (CIN)
(BY PAKITECH)

#include<iostream>
Usually the input device is the keyboard. cin using namespace std;
is the instance of the class istream and is
used to read input from the standard input int main()
device which is usually keyboard. {
The extraction operator(>>) is used along int age;
with the object cin for reading inputs. The cout << "Enter your age:";
extraction operator extracts the data from cin >> age;
cout << "\nYour age is: "<<age;
the object cin which is entered using the
return 0;
keyboard. }

Input: 18
Output:
Enter your age:
Your age is: 18
UN-BUFFERED STANDARD ERROR STREAM (CERR)
(BY PAKITECH)

cerr is the standard error stream #include <iostream>


which is used to output the errors.
using namespace std;
This is also an instance of the
ostream class. As cerr is un-buffered int main( )
so it is used when we need to {
display the error message cerr << "An error occured";
immediately. It does not have any
buffer to store the error message return 0;
and display later. }

Output:
An error occured
BUFFERED STANDARD ERROR STRAM (CLOG)
(BY PAKITECH)
This is also an instance of ostream #include <iostream>
class and used to display errors but
using namespace std;
unlike cerr the error is first inserted
into a buffer and is stored in the int main( )
buffer until it is not fully filled. The {
error message will be displayed on clog << "An error occured";
the screen too.
return 0;
}

Output:
An error occured

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