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Text Types

The document summarizes two models for classifying text types: the Hatim and Mason model and the Reiss model. The Hatim and Mason model categorizes texts as instructional, expository, or argumentative, with various subcategories. The Reiss model classifies texts as informative, expressive, or operative based on whether the main focus is on content, creative composition, or appealing to the reader to act. The document also briefly discusses audio medial texts.

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Noureldin Mohamed Abdelal
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262 views

Text Types

The document summarizes two models for classifying text types: the Hatim and Mason model and the Reiss model. The Hatim and Mason model categorizes texts as instructional, expository, or argumentative, with various subcategories. The Reiss model classifies texts as informative, expressive, or operative based on whether the main focus is on content, creative composition, or appealing to the reader to act. The document also briefly discusses audio medial texts.

Uploaded by

Noureldin Mohamed Abdelal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Text types

Hatim and Mason (1990; 1997) Model


• a) Instructional texts focusing on influencing future behaviour on
the part of the text receiver. This text type is subdivided into:
• 1. Instruction with option as in the case of advertising; and
• 2. Instruction without option as in contracts, treaties and so on.

• b) Expository texts where the text producers are engaged in


presenting concepts, states, events, entities, and relations in a non-
evaluative manner. They are subdivided into:
• 1. Descriptive texts “focusing on objects spatially viewed”;
• 2. Narrative texts “focusing on events temporally viewed”; and
• 3. Conceptual texts “focusing on the detached analysis of concepts
• and yielding a number of text forms” (Hatim 2001, 197)
• c) Argumentative texts focusing on the evaluation of
the relations between concepts. This text type is
subdivided into:
• 1. Counter-argumentative texts where a thesis is cited,
then opposed, i.e. stating a viewpoint to be followed
by a counter-claim along with a substantiation
outlining the grounds for the opposition; and
• 2. Through-argumentative texts where a thesis is cited,
then supported or defended, i.e. stating a viewpoint to
be argued through without any explicit reference to
opposition of the viewpoint claimed.
Reiss (1977/1989)
• Texts are classified into three types: informative, expressive and
operative.

• Informative
• reference book
• report
• play
• tourist brochure sermon
• electoral speech
• advertisement

• poem
• Expressive Operative
Informative texts
• The content is the main focus. These texts do
plain communication of facts, information,
knowledge, opinions etc.
The expressive texts
• The focus is on creative composition and
aesthetics. Both the author (the sender) and
the message are what are foregrounded.

• Creative literature exemplifies these texts.


The operative texts
• The focus is 'appellative' by which what is
meant is that the text appeals to the reader to
act in a certain way, persuading, dissuading,
requesting, and cajoling him. The form of
language is dialogic.
The audio medial text
• The focus is on visual and audio
representations.
• The audio medial parts supplement the other
three text types with visual images and music
etc.
References
• Reiss, K. (1981/2000) 'Type, kind and
individuality of text: decision making in
translation', translated by S. Kitron in L. Venuti
(ed) (2000), pp. 160-71.
• Vermeer, H. (1989/2000) 'Skopos and
commission in translational action', in L.
Venuti (ed.) (2000),pp. 221-32.

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