Scribd
Upload
336 views16 pages

S11.12LT IIbd 6

This document provides an overview of photosynthesis. It discusses how plants and algae are able to convert sunlight into energy in a useable form through a two-phase process. The light-dependent reaction uses sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH in the thylakoid membrane. The light-independent or Calvin cycle then uses these products to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars like glucose. Key steps of each reaction are outlined. The document concludes with an activity asking readers to make inferences about the process of photosynthesis.

Uploaded by

merliza caguisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
336 views16 pages

S11.12LT IIbd 6

This document provides an overview of photosynthesis. It discusses how plants and algae are able to convert sunlight into energy in a useable form through a two-phase process. The light-dependent reaction uses sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH in the thylakoid membrane. The light-independent or Calvin cycle then uses these products to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars like glucose. Key steps of each reaction are outlined. The document concludes with an activity asking readers to make inferences about the process of photosynthesis.

Uploaded by

merliza caguisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

QUARTER I

Photosynthesis
• The sun is the primary source of energy
needed by all organisms to survive.
However, this energy cannot be consumed
by most organisms unless converted into
other forms of energy. Think of it this way.
When you go to another country, you need
to exchange your money for their currency
so that you can use it. Just like in this
case. Only plants and photosynthetic
organisms such as algae convert light
energy into forms usable by other
organisms.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 2
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 3
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 4
• Photosynthesis is the process where
photosynthetic organisms convert light
energy to form sugar. In plants,
photosynthesis specifically occurs in the
leaves.
• The thylakoid
membrane contains chlorophyll which is
responsible for capturing light energy.
Photosynthesis has two phases: light-
dependent reaction and light-
independent reaction.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 5
Light-Dependent Reaction
• The reaction occurs in the thylakoids. It
converts light energy to ATP and NADPH. It
can be summarized into four steps:

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 6
• Light absorption and splitting of water. Light strikes
the chlorophyll and an enzyme splits water (H2O) into
protons (H+ions), electrons, and oxygen (O2).
• Production of ATP. ATP synthase accepts energy
from H+ions to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
• Hydrogen pump powered by electron acceptors.
Electrons pass through proton pump and the energy from
the electrons pumps H+ions back to the thylakoids.
• Production of NADPH by re-energizing electrons.
Light strikes again, the chlorophyll and electrons get re-
energized. The last electron acceptor moves electrons to
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)
and H+ions to produce NADPH.
DEPARTMENT•OF EDUCATION 7
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 8
Light-Independent Reaction
This is also known as the Calvin cycle. It takes place
in the stroma and uses ATP and NADPH from the
light-dependent reaction. It reduces CO2 to form
sugar. The reaction is summarized below.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 9
Calvin Cycle

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 10
• Fixation of CO2. Ribulose bisphosphate
carboxylase (Rubisco) catalyzes CO2 to ribulose 1,
5-bisphosphate (RuBP). A carbon atom sticks to
RuBP and results to unstable 6-C molecule and
splits into 3-phosphoglycerate.
• Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate. The energy
from ATP and hydrogens from NADPH are added to
the 3-C molecule to form 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
(G3P).
• Regeneration of RuBP from G3P. Most of the G3P
are used to generate back the RuBP and prepares
again for CO2 fixation.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 11
Photosynthesis is composed of two reactions. Below is the summary

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 12
Activity No. 27
1. A group of boys placed a bunch of leaves in a
sealed plastic bag and left it under the sun. After
two days, they saw drops of water inside the
plastic bag. What does this infer?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 13
2. Get a plant and cover some of the leaves
with aluminum foil. Place it under the sun for
three days. Examine the leaves and
compare it to the other leaves after three
days. What do you observe?
3. How does deforestation affect
photosynthesis?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 14
References:
• http://www.origin.com.
• https://www.chegg.com/homework-
help/definitions/energy-flow-
14eschooltoday.com/science/characteristics-
of.../living-things-obtain-and-use-energy.html
• www.odec.ca/projects/2002/chingj/public_html/si
gnific.htm
• https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A
%2F%2Fimages.slide

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 29
THANK YOU!

You might also like